陕西分区烈度衰减关系研究

在合理分区、收集整理陕西及邻近地区1900年以来5级以上地震资料的基础上,利用烈度衰减的椭圆模型,采用多元稳健线性回归方法,分区统计计算得到陕西陕南、关中和陕北地区的烈度衰减关系,并对结果进行了分析讨论。     

Mitigation of nutrient losses via surface runoff from rice cropping systems with alternate wetting and drying irrigation and site-specific nutrient management practices

Resource-conserving irrigation and fertilizer management practices have been developed for rice systems which may help address water quality concerns by reducing N and P losses via surface runoff. Field experiments under three treatments, i.e., farmers’ conventional practice (FCP), alternate wetting and drying (AWD), and AWD integrated with site-specific nutrient management (AWD + SSNM) were carried out during two rice seasons at two sites in the southwest Yangtze River delta region. Across site years, results indicated that under AWD irrigation (i.e., AWD and AWD + SSNM), water inputs were reduced by 13.4?~?27.5 % and surface runoff was reduced by 30.2?~?36.7 % compared to FCP. When AWD was implemented alone, total N and P loss masses via surface runoff were reduced by 23.3?~?30.4 % and 26.9?~?31.7 %, respectively, compared to FCP. However, nutrient concentrations of surface runoff did not decrease under AWD alone. Under AWD + SSNM, total N and P loss masses via surface runoff were reduced to a greater extent than AWD alone (39.4?~?47.6 % and 46.1?~?48.3 % compared to FCP, respectively), while fertilizer inputs and N surpluses significantly decreased and rice grain yields increased relative to FCP. Therefore, by more closely matching nutrient supply with crop demand and reducing both surface runoff and nutrient concentrations of surface runoff, our results demonstrate that integration of AWD and SSNM practices can mitigate N and P losses via surface runoff from rice fields while maintaining high yields.     

Characterization of polychlorinated naphthalenes in stack gas emissions from waste incinerators

Nine typical waste incinerating plants were investigated for polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN) contents in their stack gas. The incinerators investigated include those used to incinerate municipal solid, aviation, medical, and hazardous wastes including those encountered in cement kilns. PCNs were qualified and quantified by isotope dilution high resolution gas chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry techniques. An unexpectedly high concentration of PCNs (13,000 ng?Nm^?3) was found in the stack gas emitted from one waste incinerator. The PCN concentrations ranged from 97.6 to 874 ng?Nm^?3 in the other waste incinerators. The PCN profiles were dominated by lower chlorinated homologues, with mono- to tetra-CNs being the main homologues present. Furthermore, the relationships between PCNs and other unintentional persistent organic pollutants involving polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, polychlorinated biphenyls, hexachlorobenzene, and pentachlorobenzene were examined to ascertain the closeness or otherwise of their formation mechanisms. A good correlation was observed between ΣPCN (tetra- to octa-CN) and ΣPCDF (tetra- to octa-CDF) concentrations suggesting that a close relationship may exist between their formation mechanisms. The results would provide an improved understanding of PCN emissions from waste incinerators.     

固定化活性污泥实现短程硝化反硝化处理畜禽废水

以畜禽废水为处理对象,通过分别控制水力停留时间(HRT)、溶解氧(DO)、pH值、温度和碳氮比(C/N)等影响亚硝化的主要单因子,以使固定化活性污泥颗粒实现短程硝化反硝化反应,在连续流运行模式下进行废水脱氮实验,实验结果表明,单因子HRT为10 h,溶解氧为4 mg/L,pH值为8.5,温度为30℃,碳氮比为10时,对TN和COD的去除率分别为81.98%、93.79%;87.32%、98.35%;83.82%、93.93%;85%、97%;85.37%、97.28%,达到了理想的去除效果。     

In-situ emission characteristics of odorous gases from two food waste processing plants

Odorous gas emission is the main environmental concern of food waste treatment. Two typical food waste processing plants, one for animal feed production by hydrothermal hydrolysis + aerobic fermentation (Plant A), and the other for biogas production by anaerobic digestion (Plant B), were selected to conduct in situ monitoring of fugitive odorous gas emission for five consecutive days, and the emission characteristics of NH₃ and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) were compared in this paper. The results showed that the two processes had different emission characteristics of odorous gases. Closed-operated hydrothermal hydrolysis had positive effects on overall fugitive odor control in plant A. Meanwhile, more fugitive odor gases may be released into the environment during the pretreatment with high-temperature and seemingly-open facilities in plant B. The emission strength of odor gases at night was generally lower than that in the day since more fresh food waste was received in the day and the higher temperature and lower air pressure in the day were favorable to gas emission. In general, the process of hydrothermal hydrolysis + aerobic fermentation was more advantageous in controlling odor than the process of anaerobic digestion.     

按照循环经济发展理念建设宁东能源化工基地

宁东能源化工基地被列为国家13个规划建设的特大型煤炭基地之一,是全国能源基地的重要组成部分.介绍了宁东能源化工基地开发总体规划的基本情况,提出规化建设过程中存在的问题,并针对这些问题,提出具体的改进建议.     

中国地震应急地区系数的初步研究

首先探讨了地震应急地区系数的概念,认为地震应急地区系数是描述各地区在遭受同等强度地震打击时,所表现出来的应急紧迫性、应急重要性和应急救援强度的大小的指标;然后提取了影响地震应急地区系数的因素;继而建立了地区系数的评价指标体系和评价方法;最后,以地市级行政单元为例,计算出全国各地市的地区系数,并分析了其空间分布特征。结果表明,我国各地市地区系数的地域差异明显,东南部地区明显高于西北部地区;高值主要集中于华北平原、东南沿海和四川盆地等地区的地市。     

县(市)地震应急能力评价指标体系的构建

县(市)是我国开展地震应急工作的基础执行层面,县(市)地震应急能力的高低直接关系到我国整个地震应急工作的成败。从县(市)地震应急能力的内涵分析出发,结合通过"汶川地震灾区县(市)地震应急能力实地调研"工作取得的认识,初步构建了县(市)地震应急能力的评价指标体系。     

佛山市南海区大气环境质量变化分析与控制研究

文章以佛山市南海区1993-2006年的大气环境监测数据为依据,结合本区社会经济发展状况及环保建设举措,系统地分析了南海区大气环境质量变化趋势及成因,结果表明:南海区大气质量总体呈现逐渐好转趋势,但酸雨仍未得到有效控制,这主要是由本区的社会经济发展和能源消费特征决定.文章还总结了区政府近年来为改善南海区大气环境质量而采取的措施和取得的成绩,为进一步加强大气污染治理,推进广东珠江三角洲环保模范城市建设提供参考.     

世界废弃印刷电路板的机械处理技术现状

电子废弃物中废印刷电路板的处置 ,一直是相当复杂的问题。根据废电路板中各种组分的结合方式 ,采用机械方法进行材料的分离 ,是经济适用并与环境相协调的处理手段。本文介绍了废电路板再利用技术中采用的各种机械设备 ,并总结了国外机械处置方法的实践进展。