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101.
Katinka Weller Gabriëla G. Edel Eric A. P. Steegers Irwin K. M. Reiss Philip L. J. DeKoninck Robbert J. Rottier Alex J. Eggink Nina C. J. Peters 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(10):1296-1309
Pathophysiological studies have shown that pulmonary vascular development is impaired in fetuses with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), leading to a simplified vascular tree and increased vascular resistance. Multiple studies have described prenatal ultrasound parameters for the assessment of the pulmonary vasculature, but none of these parameters are used in daily clinical practice. We provide a comprehensive review of the literature published between January 1990 and February 2022 describing these parameters, and aim to explain the clinical relevance of these parameters from what is known from pathophysiological studies. Prenatal detection of a smaller diameter of the contralateral (i.e. contralateral to the diaphragmatic defect) first branch of the pulmonary artery (PA), higher pulsatility indices (PI), higher peak early diastolic reverse flow values, and a lower vascularization index seem of added value for the prediction of survival and, to a lesser extent, morbidity. Integration within the routine evaluation is complicated by the lack of uniformity of the methods used. To address the main components of the pathophysiological changes, we recommend future prenatal studies in CDH with a focus on PI values, PA diameters and pulmonary vascular branching. 相似文献
102.
Maija Lintula Nina Nevala-Puranen Veikko Louhevaara 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(1):103-116
The effects of Ergorest® arm supports on wrist angles and musculoskeletal strain in the neck-shoulder-arm region and electrical activity in the shoulder and arm muscles were studied during typing or the use of the mouse in work with a visual display unit (VDU). Twenty-one women were randomized into 3 groups (1 arm support, 2 arm supports, and control). Measurements were carried out before and after the 6-week intervention. The wrist extension of the mouse hand, the muscle activity of the trapezius muscle, and the subjective discomfort ratings indicated that 2 arm supports were better than 1 in work with a mouse. The Ergorest® arm support alleviates muscle and joint strain in VDU work when used for both arms. 相似文献
103.
104.
Sialic acid storage disorders, Salla disease (SD) and a severe infantile form of disease (ISSD), are recessively inherited allelic lysosomal storage disorders due to impaired egress of free sialic acid from lysosomes. Fourteen pregnancies at risk of adult-type free sialic acid storage disease, SD, were monitored by sialic acid assays, genetic linkage or mutation detection analyses using chorionic villus samples. Three affected and 12 unaffected fetuses were identified. The first studies were based on the sialic acid assays alone, but the location of the gene enabled the use of genetic linkage analysis and, more recently, the identification of the SLC17A5 gene and disease-causing mutations added yet another possibility for prenatal studies. A missense mutation 115C→T (R39C) is present in 95% of all Finnish SD alleles, providing an easy and reliable means of diagnostic studies. Both molecular and biochemical (sialic acid assay) studies can be used for prenatal diagnosis of free sialic acid storage diseases. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
105.
Vera A. Matrosova Ilya A. Volodin Elena V. Volodina Nina A. Vasilieva 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2010,97(8):707-715
The questions of individuality and stability of cues to identity in vocal signals are of considerable importance from theoretical
and conservation perspectives. While individuality in alarm calls has been reported for many sciurids, it is not well-documented
that the vocal identity encoded in the alarm calls is stable between different encounters with predators. Previous studies
of two obligate hibernating rodents, speckled ground squirrels Spermophilus suslicus, and yellow ground squirrels Spermophilus fulvus demonstrated that, after hibernation, most individuals could not be identified reliably by their alarm calls. Moreover, in
most speckled ground squirrels, individual patterns of alarm calls changed progressively over as little as 2 weeks. However,
these previous data have been obtained using the collection of alarm calls from trapped animals. Here, we examined ten free-ranging
dye-marked yellow ground squirrels to determine whether their alarm calls retain the cues to individuality between two encounters
of surrogate predators (humans), separated on average by 3 days. Discriminant function analysis showed that the alarm calls
of individual yellow ground squirrels were very similar within a recording session, providing very high individual distinctiveness.
However, in six of the ten animals, the alarm calls were unstable between recording sessions. Also, we examined ten dye-marked
individuals for consistency of acoustic characteristics of their alarm calls between the encounters of humans, differing in
techniques of call collection, from free-ranging vs trapped animals. We found differences only in two variables, both related
to sound degradation in the environment. Data are discussed in relation to hypotheses explaining the adaptive utility of acoustic
individuality in alarm calls. 相似文献
106.
Vesna Zupanc Martina ŠturmSonja Lojen Nina Marši?-KacjanJoseph Adu-Gyamfi Branka Bra?i?-?eleznikJanko Urbanc Marina Pintar 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2011,144(1):167-174
In the search for new technologies that would ensure optimum yield and environmental sustainability, various irrigation, nitrogen and cropping system management strategies for the production of vegetables with a shorter growing period were assessed at a benchmark site in Slovenia for the years 2006 and 2007. In the studied years four irrigation and fertilization treatments were applied: (1) 50% drip irrigation of plants water requirements ETcrop and the farmer's practice of fertilisation (broadcasting), (2) fertilisation and 100% drip irrigation (fertigation), (3) the farmer's practice of irrigation (sprinkler irrigation using water stored in plastic tanks) and fertilisation, and (4) control (the farmer's practice of irrigation but no fertilisation). An equivalent of 80, 80 and 200 kg ha−1 of nitrogen (N), 50, 50 and 80 kg ha−1 of phosphorous (P) and 120, 120 and 300 kg ha−1 of potassium (K) was added for iceberg lettuce, endive and cabbage, respectively. Nitrogen (N) labelled fertilizer (15N) was applied to trace the movement of the applied N fertiliser. The tested irrigation and fertilisation techniques for the production of vegetables with a shorter growing period in the Slovenian climate showed that environmentally sustainable practices (split application of nutrients compared to broadcast incorporating fertilisation) should be a practice of choice in water protection zones. The results confirm that fertigation and improved irrigation scheduling can be an effective way of minimizing nitrate leaching, and should be considered for vegetable production in or close to groundwater protection zones. 相似文献
107.
Robert Finger Anna Katarina Gilgen Ulrich E. Prechsl Nina Buchmann 《Regional Environmental Change》2013,13(2):365-374
This paper analyzes the economic impacts of summer drought on Swiss grassland production. We combine field trial data from drought experiments in three different grasslands in Switzerland with site-specific information on economic costs and benefits. The analysis focuses on the economic implications of drought effects on grassland yields as well as grassland composition. In agreement with earlier studies, we found rather heterogeneous yield effects of drought on Swiss grassland systems, with significantly reduced yields as a response to drought at the lowland and sub-alpine sites, but increased yields at the wetter pre-alpine site. Relative yield losses were highest at the sub-alpine site (with annual yield losses of up to 37 %). However, because income from grassland production at extensive sites relies to a large extent on ecological direct payments, even large yield losses had only limited implications in terms of relative profit reductions. In contrast, negative drought impacts at the most productive, intensively managed lowland site were dominant, with average annual drought-induced profit margin reductions of about 28 %. This is furthermore emphasized if analyzing the farm level perspective of drought impacts. Combining site-specific effects at the farm level, we found that in particular farms with high shares of lowland grassland sites suffer from summer droughts in terms of farm-level fodder production and profit margins. Moreover, our results showed that the higher competitiveness of weeds (broad-leaved dock) under drought conditions will require increasing attention on weed control measures in future grassland production systems. Taking into account that the risk of drought occurrence is expected to increase in the coming years, additional instruments to cope with drought risks in fodder production and finally farmers’ income have to be developed. 相似文献
108.
This article proposes a hierarchical multivariate conditional autoregressive model applied to a compositional response vector. We particularly focus on situations when the composition is discrete occurring when observations are based on small multinomial counts. We address drawbacks that exist in current modeling approaches for such data. Our hierarchical model will be demonstrated with data used to help manage a commercial sockeye salmon fishery in the Fraser River of British Columbia. 相似文献
109.
Gentoo penguins Pygoscelis papua show considerable plasticity in their diet, diving, and foraging behaviors among colonies; we expected that they might exhibit
similar variability over time, at a single site, since flexible foraging habits would provide a buffer against changes in
prey availability. We examined interannual changes in the foraging strategies and diet of gentoo penguins in the South Shetland
Islands, Antarctica, over 5 years with variable prey abundance. Antarctic krill Euphausia superba was the primary diet item, and fish the secondary, though the importance of these items varied among years. Diving behavior
also varied over time: different dive depth distributions were observed among years. Nonetheless, chick-rearing success remained
relatively constant, indicating that gentoo penguins were able to maintain chick provisioning by altering their foraging strategy
among years. Variable abundance of krill in the region did not have observable impacts on the diet, foraging behaviors or
chick-rearing success of gentoo penguins. We suggest that foraging plasticity may be one reason that gentoo penguin populations
have remained stable in the region, while their congeners (P. antarctica and P. adeliae) with less flexible foraging strategies have declined. 相似文献
110.
Rüdiger Riesch Virginia Duwe Nina Herrmann Lisa Padur Annemarie Ramm Kristin Scharnweber Matthias Schulte Tanja Schulz-Mirbach Madlen Ziege Martin Plath 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,63(10):1515-1526
One potential trade-off that bold individuals face is between increased predation risks and gains in resources. Individuals
experiencing high predation and hungry individuals (or individuals with low body condition) are predicted to show increased
boldness. We examined one behavioral trait previously reported to be associated with boldness (the time individual fish needed
to emerge from shelter) in various populations of mollies (Poecilia spp.). Our study system included several southern Mexican surface streams with high piscine predation and high food availability,
sulfidic surface streams with high avian predation, in which the inhabiting fish show reduced body condition, and a sulfidic
cave, where predation and body condition are low. Our comparison revealed very short times to emerge from the start box in
populations from non-sulfidic streams. In sulfidic habitats (whether surface or cave), it took individual Poecilia mexicana considerably longer to emerge from the start box, and the same difference was also found in an independent comparison between
P. mexicana and the closely related, highly sulfide-adapted Poecilia sulphuraria. Fish reared under common garden conditions (in the absence of predators and hydrogen sulfide) showed intermediate boldness
scores to the extremes observed in the field. Our data thus indicate that (a) boldness is shaped by environmental conditions/experiential
effects, but is not heritable, (b) predation affects boldness in the predicted direction, but (c) low body condition leads
to reduced boldness. Extremophile Poecilia spp. spend most of their time surfacing to survive under sulfidic and hypoxic conditions, which exposes them to increased
levels of predations, but the fish forage on the bottom. Hence, in this system, increased boldness does not increase foraging
success. We argue that energy limitation favors reducing energetically costly behaviors, and exploring novel environments
may be just one of them. 相似文献