不同粒径纳米TiO2对大型溞的毒性效应及腐殖酸的调控作用

为评估纳米TiO₂在环境水体中的暴露风险,选用大型溞作为模式生物,研究了不同粒径纳米TiO₂（20、40、60和100 nm）对大型溞毒性效应的影响,并探究了腐殖酸对不同粒径纳米TiO₂毒性效应的调控作用.结果表明,粒径是影响纳米TiO₂颗粒毒性效应的重要因素,以大型溞半数致死时间（LT₅₀）为指标,不同粒径纳米TiO₂对大型溞的毒性作用强弱顺序依次为：20 nm颗粒 > 40 nm颗粒 > 60 nm颗粒 > 100 nm颗粒（p<0.05）.腐殖酸的存在可以显著降低纳米TiO₂颗粒对大型溞的毒性作用,腐殖酸对小尺寸纳米TiO₂颗粒的毒性抑制作用更为明显（p<0.05）.大型溞体内ROS水平与抗氧化系统相关酶活分析表明,纳米TiO₂导致大型溞体内活性氧自由基（ROS）浓度升高是其产生毒性作用的重要原因,腐殖酸的存在可以显著降低大型溞体内由于纳米TiO₂暴露而引起的ROS浓度上升（p<0.05）,进而减轻纳米TiO₂对大型溞的毒性作用.此外,腐殖酸可以减小不同粒径纳米TiO₂之间的毒性差异.本研究结果可为纳米TiO₂在环境水体中的暴露风险评估提供参考依据.     

旅游对全面脱贫与乡村振兴作用的途径与模式——“旅游扶贫与乡村振兴”专家笔谈

如何借助旅游发展将脱贫攻坚同乡村振兴战略有机结合起来,是新时代背景下乡村地区发展的重要议题。针对旅游扶贫与乡村振兴所面临的挑战与机遇,来自旅游学、人类学、社会学和地理学的10位专家依据“理论辨析—作用途径—作用模式”逻辑进行了跨学科研讨与对话。为实现这一目标,需要充分认识以往旅游扶贫中遗留的不均衡、不充分等发展问题,坚持乡村正位,确立城乡平等“互哺”的关系;厘清传统村落保护与乡村振兴的辩证关系,厘清乡村性、乡村旅游与乡村振兴之间的多重逻辑关系;区分明确区域差异和发展阶段差异,并因时因地制宜;需要协同多元主体,尊重村民理性,提升乡村居民公民性;探索慢旅游、数字经济与乡村旅游融合等创新发展路径。     

不同粒径聚乙烯微粒对大型溞的生物毒性效应

微塑料污染已经受到了国内外研究者的广泛关注,但研究热点多集中于海洋微塑料及其生物学效应,对淡水生物潜在影响的研究还很有限。本文选择淡水模式动物大型溞（Daphnia magna）作为受试生物,以2 μm、20 μm和50 μm聚乙烯微粒（polyethylene,PE）作为研究对象,探讨不同尺度微塑料对大型溞的急性活动抑制效应。结果表明,3种粒径的微塑料均可被大型溞摄入,并在肠道中积累,造成大型溞的活动抑制,并可能影响其脂类代谢;水中高浓度的PE微粒可粘附在大型溞体表,限制其活动,影响其摄食。在5~80 mg/L浓度范围内,2 μm PE微粒对大型溞的抑制率呈现线性增长趋势（96 h的EC₅₀为50.86 mg/L）;而20 μm和50 μm的PE微粒的抑制率随暴露浓度的增加呈现倒"U"形曲线。暴露48 h后,3种PE微粒的LOEC值分别为60、20和5 mg/L,即随粒径增大,毒性效应增加。粒径大小是影响大型溞摄入和积累微塑料的重要因素之一。本文结果为深入理解微塑料对淡水浮游动物的毒性效应提供了基础数据和理论依据。     

经济与环境协调发展涵义若干问题探讨

伴随经济高速发展的生态危机直接威胁人类的生存与发展，经济与环境应协调发展的声浪日益高涨。然而对经济与环境协调发展不论概念还是涵义都较模糊，成为建立经济与环境协调发展的指标体系及宏观经济持续发展监控系统的理论障碍。经济与环境协调发展的内在涵义，应从经济与环境协调发展的相对性、约束性和两中心论角度来阐述。     

Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies between short-term exposure to ambient carbon monoxide and non-accidental,cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Although a growing number of original epidemiological studies imply a link between ambient pollution exposure and mortality risk, the findings...     

Emission inventory and control policy for non-road construction machinery in Tianjin

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The establishment of a non-road construction machinery emission inventory forms the basis for the analysis of pollutant emission characteristics and...     

Acute lead acetate induces neurotoxicity through decreased synaptic plasticity-related protein expression and disordered dendritic formation in nerve cells

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Lead (Pb) is a widespread environmental heavy metal that can damage the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and reduce the learning and memory ability in...     

Novel visible-light-driven SrCoO3/Ag3PO4 heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic performance for tetracycline degradation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The semiconductor photocatalytic technology has been considerably studied due to its excellent catalytic performance in water pollution control....     

Study on dust–gas coupling pollution law and selection of optimal purification distance of air duct during tunneling process

During the excavation of high gas mine, gas and dust often exist at the same time. In order to ensure that the gas concentration remains within a safe range and minimize the risk of workers’ pneumoconiosis, we simulated the interaction mechanism of airflow, gas, and dust, explored the pollution law of gas and dust, and obtained the optimal purification distance (L_p) by the CFD method. The reliability of the numerical simulation was verified by field measurements. Firstly, the properties of the gas and dust affected the structure of the airflow field. At the same time, the change in the airflow field affected the concentration distributions of the gas and dust. During the diffusion process, some high-risk regions in which the gas or dust concentrations exceeded 0.80% or 200 mg/m³, respectively, were discovered. Moreover, we have found that the airflow velocity in the top region of the tunnel and at the intersection corner between the cutting face and tunnel wall was the main factor affecting the purification effects. When L_p = 5–8 m, the gas concentration remained below 0.50%. When L_p = 6 m, the dust concentration reached a minimum of 287.5 mg/m³. Therefore, the optimal purification distance was determined to be 6 m; in which case, the gas and dust concentrations decreased by 32.84% and 47.02%, respectively.

     

预浓缩-GC/MS测定空气中的27种ODS和HFCs

优化预浓缩仪二级冷阱温度和柱温箱初始温度,建立了预浓缩-气相色谱 /质谱联用(GC/MS)技术测定空气中27种消耗臭氧层物(ODS)和氢氟烃(HFCs)的分析方法。结果表明,27种ODS和HFCs峰形良好,分离度较好,校准曲线相对响应因子标准偏差为1.7%~15.9%,方法检出限为0.016~0.172 μg/m³。空白加标样品连续测定6次的相对标准偏差为0.9%~13.4%,回收率为70.4%~116%。基体加标样品连续测定6次的相对标准偏差为1.0%~7.8%,回收率为94.3%~108%。实验楼周边的环境空气以及实验室内部工作环境空气均检出不同浓度的ODS和HFCs,该方法适用于空气中ODS和HFCs的测定。