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941.
Novel use of soil moisture samplers for studies on anaerobic ammonium fluxes across lake sediment-water interfaces 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Small soil suction samplers have been used for several years to sample soil solution for chemical analysis in laboratory and glasshouse experiments. They are very cheap, effective and convenient. Here we describe for the first time their use in studies on sediment porewater. Bulk sediment from West Lake, a shallow hypereutrophic lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, was placed in laboratory microcosms and incubated in the dark at 25 degrees C for 182 days to evaluate the feasibility of using the samplers to extract sediment porewater and to estimate NH4+ flux across the sediment-water interface under anaerobic conditions. The results show that the samplers were capable of sequentially extracting sediment porewater, 15 ml of which could be readily extracted for analysis within 30-45 min by vacuum applied using a plastic syringe. The NH4+ flux under laboratory conditions was characterized by a fast phase during the initial 18 days of incubation followed by a slower linear phase, with average release rates of 11.6 and 3.6 mg N m(-2) d(-1), respectively. 相似文献
942.
Growth and nutrient uptake of arbuscular mycorrhizal maize in different depths of soil overlying coal fly ash 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Application of topsoil over phytotoxic mine wastes is often practised to establish perennial plant communities on minespoil areas. In China, population pressure encourages attempts to remediate such areas by growing arable crop plants, but efforts to establish agricultural crops often fail. We report an outdoor pot experiment that compared the effects of two arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, Glomus mosseae (Nicol. and Gerd.) Gerdemann and Trappe and G. versiforme (Karsten) Berch, on the growth and nutrient uptake of maize (Zea mays L.) grown in different depths of soil layer overlying coal fly ash. Colonization by both AM fungi increased plant growth compared with non-mycorrhizal controls, with G. mosseae giving higher yields of maize than G. versiforme at the same depths of soil. Increasing soil depth led to increased plant yields. Mycorrhizal plants absorbed more nutrients than non-mycorrhizal controls, and translocated less Na to the shoots, perhaps protecting the plants from excessive Na accumulation. These preliminary results indicate that arbuscular mycorrhizas may make a substantial contribution to successful crop establishment in soils overlying areas of coal fly ash. 相似文献
943.
Due to the powerful graphic interface in modern computers, visualization techniques have become more and more popular for data exploration. As a preliminary investigation, visualization is a greatly useful tool to lead to further statistical analysis and modelling. It is likely that historical environmental data from a range of different studies may contain useful information that should be assessed for determining management actions. However, these historical data are collected from many different studies, which have different space and/or time scales making the visualization process complicated. In this paper we present several ways of visualizing historical data based on a study at Sydney Olympic Park. The tools include spatial coverage and variation for different spatial resolutions, temporal coverage and time series plots for different time scales, multi-panel scatterplots for a small number of variables and "one-to-all" scatterplots for a large number of variables. 相似文献
944.
BOD生物传感器的研制与应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了BOD生物传感器的原理、研制过程以及实际测定。该仪器测定BOD的周期为30min,有较高的精密度和准确度,与稀释法有良好的相关性,可以及时信息反馈,特别适用于污水处理过程中的控制分析以及BOD的快速测定。 相似文献
945.
Phosphine (PH3) is an important factor driving the outbreak of cyanobacterial blooms that produce toxic microcystin threating human health. To clarify the physiological and biochemical responses of cyanobacteria to PH3 under elevated CO2 concentration, Microcystis aeruginosa was used in the coupling treatment of 1000 ppmv CO2 and PH3 at different concentrations respectively. The chlorophyll a (Chl-a), carotenoid, net photosynthetic rate and total protein of M. aeruginosa exhibited evidently increasing tendency under the coupling treatment of 1000 ppmv CO2 and PH3 at different concentrations (7.51 × 10?3, 2.48 × 10?2, 7.51 × 10?2 mg/L). The coupling treatments resulted in the higher concentrations of Chl-a and carotenoid of M. aeruginosa, compared to those in the control and the treatment with CO2 alone, and their enhancement increased with the increase in PH3 concentrations. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the coupling treatment with CO2 and PH3 of 2.48 × 10?2 mg/L and 7.51 × 10?3 mg/L showed increasing tendency, compared to the treatment with PH3 alone. Additionally, the coupling treatment with 1000 ppmv CO2 and PH3 also altered the pH and DO level in the culture medium. In this regard, the coupling treatment with CO2 and PH3 at an appropriate concentration can enhance the resistance of M. aeruginosa to PH3 toxicity and is beneficial to the reproduction of M. aeruginosa, presumably resulting in potential for the outbreak of cyanobacteria bloom. Given the concern about global warming and the increase in atmospheric CO2 level, our research laid a foundation for the scientific understanding of the correlation between PH3 and cyanobacteria blooms. 相似文献
946.
Root growth inhibition and induction of DNA damage in soybean (Glycine max) by chlorobenzenes in contaminated soil 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB), chlorobenzene (CB), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) on root growth and DNA strand breakage damage of soybean nuclei in the test soil were studied using the comet assay. Results indicated that the root growth was significantly inhibited, and DNA strand breaks and the comet tail in the root tip nuclei were both induced after 48 h exposure with TCB concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 300 microg g(-1) in the soil. DNA strand breakage was more sensitive to the TCB than the root growth. There was a significant dose-response relationship between the TCB exposure and DNA strand breakage in the soybean nuclei. Thus it is possible for DNA strand breakage to be used as a biomarker of soybean exposed to TCB contamination. Significant cytotoxic threshold concentration of the TCB exposure on the root growth inhibition was determined as 61 microg g(-1) in the soil. The toxicity of 100-1,000 microg g(-1) CB and HCB to the soybean seedlings in the soil were not observed after 48 h or longer exposure. 相似文献
947.
Evaluation of plant availability of soil trace metals by chemical fractionation and multiple regression analysis 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Qian J Wang ZJ Shan XQ Tu Q Wen B Chen B 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1996,91(3):309-315
Soil samples with a range of chemical and physical properties were collected from 10 different rural regions of China. Trace metals (Ni, Co, Cu, and Pb) in the soils were partitioned by a sequential extraction procedure into Mg(NO(3))(2) extractable (F1), CH(3)COONa extractable (F2), NH(2)OH.HCl extractable (F3), HNO(3)?H(2)O(2) extractable (F4), and residual (F5) fractions. Chemical fractionation showed that F1 fraction of the metals was less than 1% and residue was the dominant form for Cu and Ni in all samples, and for Co in most of the samples. Significant interrelationships of the fractions varied considerably with the different metals. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) had been grown on the soils in a pot-culture experiment under greenhouse conditions for 40 days. Metal availability to the plants was evaluated by simple and multiple regression analysis. The Mg(NO(3))(2) extractable Co (F1) was significantly correlated with Co concentrations in different parts of wheat and in the whole of alfalfa. For the other metals, the independent variables of the multiple regression models, chosen by stepwise selection, were given as: F1 and F2 + F3 + F4 for Ni; F1, F2 + F3 and F4 for Cu; and F3 + F4 for Pb. The results of this study demonstrate that the sequential extraction procedure, in conjunction with multiple regression models using a combination of correlated fractions as an independent variable, may be useful for the prediction of plant absorption of trace metals in soils. 相似文献
948.
949.
950.
牛新征 《石油化工环境保护》2006,29(4):48-49
对QuickTOC320e在线监测仪的测量原理、技术指标及安装调试和考核验收进行了介绍。QuickTOC320e在线监测仪具有较高的准确性,能较好地适应化纤污水水样的分析,能够对化纤污水排放水质进行连续监测,为装置运行提供参考。 相似文献