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961.
962.
André L. F. Cançado Cibele Q. da-Silva Michel F. da Silva 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2014,21(4):627-650
The scan statistic is widely used in spatial cluster detection applications of inhomogeneous Poisson processes. However, real data may present substantial departure from the underlying Poisson process. One of the possible departures has to do with zero excess. Some studies point out that when applied to data with excess zeros, the spatial scan statistic may produce biased inferences. In this work, we develop a closed-form scan statistic for cluster detection of spatial zero-inflated count data. We apply our methodology to simulated and real data. Our simulations revealed that the Scan-Poisson statistic steadily deteriorates as the number of zeros increases, producing biased inferences. On the other hand, our proposed Scan-ZIP and Scan-ZIP+EM statistics are, most of the time, either superior or comparable to the Scan-Poisson statistic. 相似文献
963.
In this study, a modelling methodology is proposed for RANS simulations of neutral Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) flows on the basis of the standard k-ε model, which allows the adoption of an arbitrary shear stress model. This modelling methodology is first examined in the context of an open flat terrain in an empty domain to ascertain there are no substantial changes in the prescribed profiles. The results show that relatively good homogeneity can be achieved with this modelling methodology for various sets of inflow boundary profiles. In addition, to extend the solutions derived from the standard k-ε model to RNG k-ε model, the RNG k-ε model is in detail assembly and tuned. Finally, the topographic effects on surface wind speeds over a complex terrain are assessed with the combined use of the proposed methodology and the modified RNG model. The numerical results are in good agreement with wind tunnel testing results and long-term field observations. A discussion of the effects of horizontal homogeneity and turbulence models on the simulated wind flows over a complex terrain is also given. 相似文献
964.
965.
Environmental Fluid Mechanics - Pollutant transport in flows may cause potential risk on the local ecological system and public health. Numerical prediction of pollutant transport driven by shallow... 相似文献
966.
由于纳米氧化铝(alumina nanoparticles,AlNPs)独特的理化性质,被广泛应用于医药、电子和化妆品等多个领域,但关于AlNPs的早期神经毒性效应及其潜在机制尚未完全阐明.为探讨AlNPs的毒作用机制,以及自噬抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤(3-methyladenine,3MA)对AlNPs致斑马鱼幼鱼早期神经毒性的影响,将6 hpf(hours post-fertilization)的斑马鱼胚胎分为对照组、3MA组、AlNPs组和AlNPs+3MA组.观察胚胎和幼鱼的形态学变化以及幼鱼的一般毒性,并检测神经行为改变、氧化应激水平以及幼鱼体内自噬相关基因beclin1、lc3Ⅱ和vps34的表达情况.结果表明,各组幼鱼在死亡率、孵化率和畸形率方面无显著性差异.形态学观察结果显示,AlNPs组受精卵在12 hpf和24 hpf出现发育迟缓,加入3MA后,在24 hpf后受精卵发育好转.运动行为检测发现,AlNPs组幼鱼黑暗状态下的平均速度、移动距离和趋触性程度显著降低(P<0.05).在强光刺激下的惊恐逃避反射实验中,AlNPs组幼鱼在光照时的速度显著降低(P<0.05).氧化应激水平检测结果显示,AlNPs组超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性显著降低(P<0.05),而AlNPs组乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)活性显著升高(P<0.05).自噬相关基因beclin1、lc3Ⅱ和vps34在AlNPs组表达均显著升高,加入3MA后,基因表达降低,并具有统计学意义(P<0.05).上述结果表明,AlNPs诱导过度自噬的发生造成斑马鱼幼鱼早期神经毒性,而3MA可以减轻AlNPs引起的氧化损伤并下调自噬相关基因的表达,明显改善AlNPs暴露所致的早期神经毒性. 相似文献
967.
Lina Gan Kezhi Li Hejingying Niu Yue Peng Jianjun Chen Yuandong Huang Junhua Li 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(4):70
968.
969.
酞酸酯的暴露及健康风险研究日趋深入。在综述了酞酸酯的物化性质、接触机会两方面特性,以及体内代谢、健康危害两方面的最新研究进展基础上,比较了其国内外相关标准现状,总结了酞酸酯暴露评估现状及健康风险研究现状,提出并分析了存在的问题,并对其今后的研究进行了展望。 相似文献
970.
Zhongren Nan Xiaowen Liu U.K. Saha Lena Q. Ma Abigail R. Clarke-Sather 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(8):1541-1549
Pot experiments were conducted on cole (Brassica) grown in soils jointly treated with traces of two heavy metals cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn). As the concentration of heavy metals in the soil increased, the uptake of these metals by the plants rose. However, the ratio of heavy metal concentration in soil to uptake by plants increased at a slower rate. Bioavailability of heavy metals considered between the roots and soil using non-linear regressions was shown to be statistically significant. Similarly, the bioavailability of these two heavy metals between leaves and roots using a linear regression was also statistically significant. The bioconcentration factors (BCFs) for Cd and Zn were 0.282 and 4.289, respectively. Significant variation of BCF with the heavy metal bioavailability in soil was noted from non-linear models. The transfer factors (TFs) were 4.49 for Cd and 1.39 for Zn. The Zn concentration in leaves under all treatments did not exceed threshold set standards, but Cd levels exceeded these standards when the concentration of Cd in the soil was more than 1.92 mg kg?1 dry weight (dw). Data indicate that cole (Brassica) is not a suitable crop for oasis soils because of plant contamination with heavy metals, especially Cd. 相似文献