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41.
In mixed industrial effluent the presence of metal ions can retard the destruction of organic contaminants and the efficiency of recovery of the metal is reduced by the presence of the organic species. Results are presented for copper-2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) system in which both effects occur. An electrochemical cell alone can be used to recover copper in the pH range 1.5-4.5 but it is not capable of achieving complete disappearance of 2,4-D by anodic oxidation. A photolytic cell alone can achieve the destruction of 2,4-D at pH 3.5 but leaves copper in solution. A combined photolytic-electrochemical system using an activated carbon concentrator cathode achieves the rapid simultaneous destruction of 2,4-D and recovery of copper. Results are presented for the recovery of more than 90% copper from, and >99.9%, destruction of the organochlorine compound 2,4-D in, a solution containing 100 mg dm(-3) copper and 50 mg dm(-3) 2.4-D. The photolytic degradation of 2,4-D depends on the intensity of the UV-probe. Only 19% degradation is achieved after 8 h with the 150 W UV-probe but the corresponding value with the 400 W UV-probe is 100%. In the case of 150 W UV-probe the degradation of 2,4-D proceeds through the formation of 2,4-dichlorophenol and phenol. The concentration of these intermediates are very low in the case of 400 W UV-probe because the speed of the degradation of 2,4-D is very fast. The addition of TiO2 (1 g dm(-3)), as a semiconductor material, and H202 (1.5 g dm(-3)) as an oxidant, increases the photolytic degradation of 2,4-D. 相似文献
42.
Toxicity assessment of heavy metals with Nostoc muscorum L 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chaudhary MP Chandra R 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2005,26(1):129-134
Heavy metals in aquatic ecosystem (Mn, Ni, Zn, Cu) were tested for their toxicity against Nostoc muscorum L., a common fresh water phytoplankton, with respect to chlorophyll, protein, total carbohydrate and starch contents along with growth (OD). Mn showed stimulatory effect up to 1.5 ppm for all the observed parameters. However, Ni, Zn and Cu (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 ppm) showed adverse effects even at 0.1 ppm. Chlorophyll was most sensitive parameter followed by carbohydrate, protein and starch. Ni was most toxic to N. muscorum followed by Cu and Zn. The IC50 for Ni was 0.1 ppm for growth, chlorophyll and protein, while total carbohydrate and starch showed IC50 at 0.3 and 0.4 ppm, respectively. The IC50 for Cu was recorded at 0.2 ppm for all the parameters. Zn showed IC50 at 0.3 ppm for growth, chlorophyll, protein and starch at 0.4 ppm for carbohydrate. This study can be applied as bioassay using cyanobacteria for toxicity assessment of various industrial wastes in aquatic ecosystem. 相似文献
43.
Nivedita Chatterjee Zejiao Luo 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2010,4(2):196-202
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] bioreduction produces soluble Cr(III)-organic complexes. The Cr(III)-organic complexes are relatively
stable once they are formed, and no data about their toxicity were reported. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the
bioavailability and toxicity of the soluble Cr(III)-organic complexes. Saccharomyces cerevisiae L-1 wild type yeast strain was chosen as the model organism and Cr(III)-citrate was selected as the representative compound
of the Cr(III)-organic complexes. The short-term chronic aquatic toxicity tests of the Cr(III)-citrate was explored by measuring
growth inhibition, direct viable cell count, dry biomass, biosorption, and the amount of CO2 production. Cr(III)-citrate exerted a toxicity of 51 mg/L with an EC
50, which was calculated from the percent growth inhibition. These toxicity data would be helpful to define the toxic potential
of the organo-chromium-III compounds in the environment. 相似文献
44.
Profenofos, a well known organophosphate pesticide, has been in agricultural use over the last two decades for controlling
Lepidopteron pests of cotton and tobacco crops. In this study, a bacterial strain, OW, was isolated from a long term profenofos exposed
soil by an enrichment technique, and its ability to degrade profenofos was determined using gas chromatography. The isolated strain
OW was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa according to its physiological and biochemical properties, and the analysis of its 16S
rRNA gene sequence. The strain grew well at pH 5.5–7.2 with a broad temperature profile. Bioremediation of profenofos-contaminated
soil was examined using soil treated with 200 g/g profenofos, which resulted in a higher degradation rate than control soils without
inoculation. In a mineral salt medium (FTW), removal in the level of profenofos of 86.81% was obtained within 48 h of incubation.
The intermediates of profenofos metabolism indicated that the degradation occurred through a hydrolysis mechanism, and one of the
metabolites was found to be 4 bromo-2-cholorophenol (BCP) which in turn was also mineralized by the strain. The results of this study
highlighted the potentiality of P. aeruginosa as a biodegrader which could be used for the bioremediation of profenofos contaminated
soil. 相似文献
45.
Azhar Mashiatullah Muhammad Zaman Chaudhary Nasir Ahmad Tariq Javed Abdul Ghaffar 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(2):1555-1565
Concentrations of 12 metals (Fe, Mn, Cr, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, U, V, Zn, and Zr) in surface sediments of Karachi Coast, Pakistan were determined to evaluate their distribution and pollution assessment. The measured metals in the sediments were found to be in the range of Fe, 0.84–6.96 %; Mn, 300–1,300 μg/g; Cr, 12.0–319.84 μg/g; Mo, 0.49–2.03 μg/g; Ni, 1.53–58.86 μg/g; Pb, 9.0–49.46 μg/g; Se, 0.25–.86 μg/g; Sr, 192–1185 μg/g; U, 0.19–1.66 μg/g; V, 15.80–118.20 μg/g; Zn, 15.60–666.28 μg/g; and Zr, 44.02–175.26 μg/g. The mean contents of the metal studied were: Fe, 3.07 %, Mn, 0.05 %; Cr, 96.75 μg/g; Mo, 1.34 μg/g; Ni, 31.39 μg/g; Pb, 23.24 μg/g; Se, 0.61 μg/g; Sr, 374.83 μg/g; U, 0.64 μg/g; V, 61.75 μg/g; Zn, 204.75 μg/g; and Zr:76.27 μg/g, and arrangement of the metals from higher to lower mean content in this area is: Fe?>?Zn?>?Mn?>?Sr?>?Zn?>?Cr?>?Zr?>?V?>?Ni?>?Pb?>?Mo?>?U?>?Se. There is no significant correlation among most of these metals, indicating different anthropogenic and natural sources. To assess ecotoxic potential of marine sediments, Numerical Sediment Quality Guidelines were also applied. The concentration of Pb in all the sediments except one was lower than the threshold effect concentration (TECs) showing that there are no harmful effects to marine life from Pb. On the other hand, the concentrations of Cr, Ni, and Zn exceeded TEC in three stations, indicating their potential risk. The degree of pollution in sediments for metals was assessed by calculating enrichment factor (EF) and pollution load index (PLI). The results indicated that sediments of Layari River Mouth Area, Fish Harbour, and KPT Boat Building Area are highly enriched with Cr and Zn (EF?>?5). Sediments of Layari River Outfall Zone were moderately enriched with Ni and Pb (EF?>?2). The pollution load index was found in the range of 0.98 to 1.34. Lower values of PLI (≤1) at most of sampling locations imply no appreciable input from anthropogenic sources. However, relatively higher PLI values (>1) at Layari River Mouth Area, Fish Harbour, and KPT Boat Building Area are attributed to increased human activity in the area. 相似文献
46.
Estimation of environmental flow incorporating water quality and hypothetical climate change scenarios 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bendangtola Walling Shushobhit Chaudhary C. T. Dhanya Arun Kumar 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2017,189(5):225
Environmental flows (Eflow, hereafter) are the flows to be maintained in the river for its healthy functioning and the sustenance and protection of aquatic ecosystems. Estimation of Eflow in any river stretch demands consideration of various factors such as flow regime, ecosystem, and health of river. However, most of the Eflow estimation studies have neglected the water quality factor. This study urges the need to consider water quality criterion in the estimation of Eflow and proposes a framework for estimating Eflow incorporating water quality variations under present and hypothetical future scenarios of climate change and pollution load. The proposed framework is applied on the polluted stretch of Yamuna River passing through Delhi, India. Required Eflow at various locations along the stretch are determined by considering possible variations in future water quantity and quality. Eflow values satisfying minimum quality requirements for different river water usage classes (classes A, B, C, and D as specified by the Central Pollution Control Board, India) are found to be between 700 and 800 m3/s. The estimated Eflow values may aid policymakers to derive upstream storage-release policies or effluent restrictions. Generalized nature of this framework will help its implementation on any river systems. 相似文献
47.
48.
Mishra Raghvendra Kumar Mishra Priyanka Verma Kartikey Mondal Aniruddha Chaudhary Ratiram Gomaji Abolhasani Mohammad Mahdi Loganathan Sravanthi 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(2):767-800
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Electrospinning has attracted a worldwide interest as a technique for the production of nanofibrous membranes with diameter ranging 2 nm to several... 相似文献
49.
Javed Muhammad Tariq Tanwir Kashif Abbas Saghir Saleem Muhammad Hamzah Iqbal Robina Chaudhary Hassan Javed 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(22):27542-27554
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Chromium (Cr), being a persistent toxic heavy metal, triggered the retardation of plant’s metabolic processes by initiating changes in... 相似文献
50.
Sunil K. Chaudhary Reginald H. Mitchell Paul R. West Michael J. Ashwood-Smith 《Chemosphere》1985,14(1):27-40
Reductive degradation of the pesticide methoxychlor by photolysis in the presence of hydroquinone in dilute solutions of acetonitrile or 1:1 aqueous t-butanol leads to processes other than simple dechlorination. Direct radical coupling with hydroquinone forms a markedly estrogenic conjugate. A pH dependant molecular rearrangement gives pro-estrogenic 4,4′-dimethoxy-α,α′-dichlorostilbenes, and condensation with hydroquinone yields the chlorine free polycyclic aromatic, 12-hydroxy-3,6-dimethoxybenzo[b]phenanthro[9,10-d]furan. 相似文献