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81.
Pedro A. Ochoa George Alexis Sagastume Gutiérrez Juan B. Cogollos Martínez Carlo Vandecasteele 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2010,18(12):1171-1176
An approach to Cleaner Production in a small factory of hydrated lime is presented. The work aims to improving fuel and limestone utilization and reducing waste production in the plant. Efforts mainly focus on the calcination stage, where around 50% of the production costs due to fuel consumption occur. To fulfill this objective, new indicators are proposed to evaluate the performance of the lime shaft kiln, in order to develop an operational control method for the calcination process. The systematic use of the developed operational control method is a powerful tool in the daily operation of a small lime factory, since it allows a more efficient calcination process with reduced environmental impact and production cost. 相似文献
82.
Environmental and Ecological Statistics - This paper presents an extension of the Geostatistical model under preferential sampling in order to accommodate possible local repulsion effects. This... 相似文献
83.
Understanding the climate and its variability, in particular with regard to their socioeconomic impact, requires specific
measurements of precipitation and temperature and their circulations. This becomes more important in applications to diverse
systems. In order to improve knowledge about temporal changes and trends in temperature, we analyzed series of maximum and
minimum daily surface temperatures at eight reference stations in southeastern South America during variable periods, with
the longest periods of around 100 years. To study the evolution of the temperature series and to reduce the number of parameters,
a nonhierarchical cluster analysis was performed. The algorithm assigns each day to one of four groups: warm, wet, cold and
dry. Low frequency variations were found in these groups and their association with circulation structure, circulation patterns
and precipitation. We concluded that the set of wet days is one of the main factors driving secular variations of maximum
and minimum temperature and variations in precipitation. We also inferred that after 1920 till 1930, a low frequency oscillation
is observed in the form of linear trends (increase of warm days and decrease of cold days). 相似文献
84.
Gustavo Horacio Nadal Gonzalo Bravo Leonidas Osvaldo Girardin Sebastián Gortari 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2013,15(4):1079-1097
This work addresses increasing concerns about water management for rural productive activities in the vast dry regions of Latin America by assessing renewable energy technologies (RETs) that could be suitable for localized needs. Forecasted trends in climate change and variability make this analysis very relevant, in an area where very little published work exists. While Argentina is widely known for its fertile pampas, around 75 % of the country consists of dry lands. In addition, erosion is increasing by up to 650,000 hectares each year. The coordinated adoption of a set of actions, including land use planning and strengthening productive activities that guarantee access to water and improve water and soil management is needed. Renewable energies could help towards achieving these aims, if water is made available at affordable costs and with suitable technologies. This paper evaluates experiences with three RETs—photovoltaic pumping from deep wells, small wind turbine pumping, and high-power wind turbines, and discusses a potential role for use in rural Argentina. Although cheaper and more reliable renewable alternatives to energy sources such as diesel could be used for pumping from groundwater resources in isolated locations, limitations arise when pumping head and/or water volume requirements are large or highly seasonal. The cost increases and technical challenges of accessing this deeper water, as indicated by case studies, emphasize the importance of planning and support schemes development. 相似文献
85.
Pagsuyoin Sheree A. Salcedo Gustavo Santos Joost R. Skinner Christopher B. 《The Environmentalist》2022,42(3):350-361
Environment Systems and Decisions - In this paper, we analyzed the association among trends in COVID-19 cases, climate, air quality, and mobility changes during the first and second waves of the... 相似文献
86.
87.
Total mercury (Hg(T)) and bioavailability Hg (Hg(HCl)) concentrations in soil were determined in five districts in Wuhu urban area. Spatial pattern of soil Hg concentration was generated through kriging technology. Results showed that Hg concentration in soil ranged from 0.024 to 2.844 mg kg(?-1) with an average of 0.207 mg kg(?-1). Hg concentration in soil appeared to have a block distribution and decreased from downtown to surrounding district. And Hg concentrations appeared to have a medium scale spatial auto correlation, strongly affected by human activity. The maximal Hg average concentration (0.332 mg kg(?-1)) in soil appeared in Jinghu district, where the high intensity of human activities is. Second highest Hg average concentration (0.263 mg kg(?-1)) in soil appeared in development district, where the intensive industrial activities are. Bioavailability Hg concentration in soil ranged from 2.6 to 4.9 μg kg(?-1) with an average of 3.8 μg kg(?-1), which had a ratio of 0.28~6.44% to total Hg. The ratios of bioavailability Hg to total Hg in vegetable soil were bigger than those of park soil. Correlation analysis showed that total Hg, organic matter, total phosphorus, and bioavailability Hg concentrations in soil were significantly positively correlated. Hg concentration in vegetable ranged from 2.7 to 15.2 μg kg(?-1) with an average of 6.5 μg kg(?-1). Hg concentration in vegetable was positively correlated with Hg(HCl) concentration in soil. According to the calculation on hazard quotient (HQ) for children, inhalation of Hg vapor from soil is the main exposure pathway, in which HQ is 2.517 × 10(?-2), accounting for 80.3% of the four exposure pathways. Hazard index (HI) of the four exposure pathways is lower than the "safe" level of HI = 1; therefore, exposure of soil Hg exhibited little potential health risk to children in Wuhu urban area. 相似文献
88.
Rudge CV Calderon IM Rudge MV Volpato G Silva JL Duarte G Neto CM Sass N Mattar R Röllin HB Thomassen Y Odland JØ 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(3):563-571
This study was designed to evaluate the degree of environmental contamination and possible exposure of pregnant women to toxic elements in seven selected areas of S?o Paulo State, Brazil. The overall median concentration of Mo in maternal blood was 0.53 μg L?1, highly significant differences found between sites (p < 0.0001). Cd was found to be low overall - 0.09 μg L?1 (0.01-0.58 μg L?1) - with mothers from the Coastal and Rural 1 sites having the highest levels (p < 0.016).Median Hg concentration was 0.60 μg L?1 (0.06 μg L?1-4.35 μg L?1); median Pb level was 16.2 μg L?1 (3.5-57.7 μg L?1) and no differences between sites were observed for both metals. Median Mn level was 16.7 μg L?1 (7.0-39.7 μg L?1), being highest in Urban 2 site (p < 0.016). Concentrations of maternal Co were found to range between 0.06 μg L?1 and 1.1 μg L?1 (median 0.25 μg L?1) and As level was 0.60 μg L?1 (0.10-3.8 μg L?1) overall, with no statistical significance between sites for Co and As. Median Se concentrations were found to be 64 μg L?1 (36-233 μg L?1), with the highest median levels found in Urban 3 site; site differences were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Correlation for each element (between paired maternal and cord blood) was measured only in Rural site 1; significant correlation was shown for Hg, Pb, Mn and Co (p < 0.05). These findings may be interpreted as indicating low environmental contamination in S?o Paulo State, Brazil. These findings could also indicate that pregnant women have little or no contact with pollutants, possibly due to awareness campaigns carried out by public health practitioners. 相似文献
89.
90.
Lily M. Conrad Alexander G. Fernald Marshall A. Taylor Steven J. Guldan Carlos G. Ochoa 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2023,59(4):600-614
There is a need to support applied, community-relevant hydrologic research within changing climate, population, and socioeconomic conditions to better inform water policy and management. We hypothesized that providing a rural agricultural community in a semiarid valley with the necessary monitoring tool to meet local water management needs would increase adaptive capacity within the context of long-term drought. Through a community science approach, researchers installed a telemetry monitoring system at participating acequia irrigation diversions that remotely sent water data to a web interface every 15 min. Two surveys distributed before and after web interface access targeted seven adaptive capacity indicators. After the first season of improved data accessibility, the following adaptive capacity indicators significantly increased: information diversity, cognitive social capital, leadership, and proactivity. Rather than focusing on the water savings aspect of real-time monitoring, this paper summarizes a novel water resources study that assessed the social impact of real-time irrigation water delivery monitoring on adaptive capacity. This study suggests that bridging the gap between community need and hydrologic research through community science, sociologic analysis, and stakeholder engagement provides significant benefits for communities facing water management challenges, further supporting problem-driven water resources research. 相似文献