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71.
A wide variety of antibiotics have been detected in natural water samples and this is of potential concern because of the adverse environmental effects of such antibiotic residues. One of the main sources of antibiotics effluence to the surrounding environment is livestock manures which often contain elevated concentrations of veterinary antibiotics (VAs) which survive digestion in the animal stomach following application in animal husbandry practices. In Korea, livestock manures are normally used for compost production indicating that there is potential for antibiotic release to the environment through compost application to agricultural lands. Therefore, reduction of the amount of VAs in composts is crucial. The purpose of this study was to understand the influence of the composting process and the components of the compost on the levels of three common classes of antibiotics (tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and macrolides). Composted materials at different stages of composting were collected from compost manufacturing plants and the variation in antibiotic concentrations was determined. Three different antibiotics, chlortetracycline (CTC), sulfamethazine (SMZ), and tylosin (TYL) at three different concentrations (2, 10, and 20 mg kg−1) were also applied to a mixture of pig manure and sawdust and the mixtures incubated using a laboratory scale composting apparatus to monitor the changes in antibiotic concentrations during composting together with the physicochemical properties of the composts. During composting, in both field and lab-scale investigations, the concentrations of all three different antibiotics declined below the relevant Korean guideline values (0.8 mg kg−1 for tetracyclines, 0.2 mg kg−1 for sulfonamides and 1.0 mg kg−1 for macrolides). The decline of tetracycline and sulfonamide concentrations was highly dependent on the presence of sawdust while there was no influence of sawdust on TYL decline. 相似文献
72.
Ana P. L. Batista Hudson Wallace Pereira Carvalho Gustavo H. P. Luz Paulo F. Q. Martins Maraísa Gonçalves Luiz C. A. Oliveira 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2010,8(1):63-67
A photocatalyst based on CuO/SiO2 was prepared, and evaluated for the degradation of methylene blue in aqueous medium. The photocatalyst was obtained by calcination
method of copper salt, in the presence of silica. The characterization by XRD, FTIR, and TPR techniques confirmed the formation
of CuO as active phase. SEM studies showed CuO deposited on the surface of SiO2. By ESI-MS, it was demonstrated that the degradation of methylene blue occurs through successive hydroxylations. Photodegradation
assays showed that CuO/SiO2 was efficient for degradation, and that the material worked better in the presence of UV light. 相似文献
73.
Brito Pedro Elias Marcos Silva-Neto Carlos Sujii Edison Silva Daniela Gonçalves Bruno Franceschinelli Edivani 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(31):38654-38661
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The presence of Brazilian native bees can improve tomato production by increasing pollination effectiveness. However, the extensive use of pesticides... 相似文献
74.
Grassi Patrícia Drumm Fernanda C. Spannemberg Stéfani S. Georgin Jordana Tonato Denise Mazutti Marcio A. Gonçalves Janaína O. Oliveira Marcos L. S. Dotto Guilherme L. Jahn Sérgio L. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(10):10484-10494
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Sugarcane bagasse, a largely available waste worldwide, was submitted to solid-state fermentation (SSF) using the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae,... 相似文献
75.
C.A. Alves C. Gonçalves C.A. Pio F. Mirante A. Caseiro L. Tarelho M.C. Freitas D.X. Viegas 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(25):3024-3033
Gaseous and particulate samples from the smoke from prescribed burnings of a shrub-dominated forest with some pine trees in Lousã Mountain, Portugal, in May 2008, have been collected. From the gas phase Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements, an average modified combustion efficiency of 0.99 was obtained, suggesting a very strong predominance of flaming combustion. Gaseous compounds whose emissions are promoted in fresh plumes and during the flaming burning phase, such as CO2, acetylene and propene, produced emission factors higher than those proposed for savannah and tropical forest fires. Emission factors of species that are favoured by the smouldering phase (e.g. CO and CH4) were below the values reported in the literature for biomass burning in other ecosystems. The chemical composition of fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM2.5–10) particles was achieved using ion chromatography (water-soluble ions), instrumental neutron activation analysis (trace elements) and a thermal–optical transmission technique (organic carbon and elemental carbon). Approximately 50% of the particulate mass was carbonaceous in nature with a clear dominance of organic carbon. The organic carbon-to-elemental carbon ratios up to 300, or even higher, measured in the present study largely exceeded those reported for fires in savannah and tropical forests. More than 30 trace elements and ions have been determined in smoke aerosols, representing in total an average contribution of about 7% to the PM10 mass. 相似文献
76.
S. P. C. Gon?alves S. M. Martins-Franchetti 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2010,18(4):714-719
Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) (PHBV) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) PCL/PHBV (4:1) blend films were prepared by melt-pressing.
The biodegradation of the films in response to burial in soil for 30 days was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
(FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). The PHBV film
was the most susceptible to microbial attack, since it was rapidly biodegraded via surface erosion in 15 days and completely
degraded in 30 days. The PCL film also degraded but more slowly than PHBV. The degradation of the PCL/PHBV blend occurred
in the PHBV phase, inducing changes in the PCL phases (interphase) and resulting in an increase of its crystalline fraction. 相似文献
77.
Claudia Carvalho-Santos Rita Sousa-Silva João Gonçalves João Pradinho Honrado 《Regional Environmental Change》2016,16(6):1557-1570
Ensuring forest protection and the delivery of forest ecosystem services is a central aim of the European Union’s biodiversity strategy for 2020. Therefore, accurate modelling and mapping of ecosystem services as well as of biodiversity conservation value is an important asset in support of spatial planning and policy implementation. The objectives of this study were to analyse the provision of the multiple ecosystem services under two forestation scenarios (eucalyptus/pine vs. oak) at the watershed scale and to evaluate their possible trade-offs with the biodiversity conservation value. The Vez watershed, in northwest Portugal, was used as case study area, in which soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) was applied to simulate the provision of hydrological services, biomass and carbon storage services. Biodiversity conservation value was based on nature protection regimes and on expert judgement applied to a land cover map. Results indicated large provision of ecosystem services in the high and low mountain sub-basins. The overall performance for water quantity and timing is better under the shrubland and oak forest scenarios, when compared to the eucalyptus/pine forest scenario, which perform better for flood regulation and erosion control services, especially in the low mountain sub-basin. The current shrubland dominated cover also shows good performance for the control of soil erosion. The oak scenario is the one with less trade-offs between forest services and biodiversity conservation. Results highlight SWAT as an effective tool for modelling and mapping ecosystem services generated at the watershed scale, thereby contributing to improve the options for land management. 相似文献
78.
Soil pollution assessment and identification of hyperaccumulating plants in chromated copper arsenate (CCA) contaminated sites, Korea 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
In recent decades, heavy metal contamination in soil adjacent to chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood has received increasing attention. This study was conducted to determine the pollution level (PL) based on the concentrations of Cr, Cu and As in soils and to evaluate the remediative capacity of native plant species grown in the CCA contaminated site, Gangwon Province, Korea. The pollution index (PI), integrated pollution index (IPI), bioaccumulation factors (BAFshoots and BAFroots) and translocation factor (TF) were determined to ensure soil contamination and phytoremediation availability. The 19 soil samples from 10 locations possibly contaminated with Cr, Cu and As were collected. The concentrations of Cr, Cu and As in the soil samples ranged from 50.56-94.13 mg kg−1, 27.78-120.83 mg kg−1, and 0.13-9.43 mg kg−1, respectively. Generally, the metal concentrations decreased as the distance between the CCA-treated wood structure and sampling point increased. For investigating phytoremediative capacity, the 19 native plant species were also collected in the same area with soil samples. Our results showed that only one plant species of Iris ensata, which presented the highest accumulations of Cr (1120 mg kg−1) in its shoot, was identified as a hyperaccumulator. Moreover, the relatively higher values of BAFshoot (3.23-22.10) were observed for Typha orientalis, Iris ensata and Scirpus radicans Schk, suggesting that these plant species might be applicable for selective metal extraction from the soils. For phytostabilization, the 15 plant species with BAFroot values > 1 and TF values < 1 were suitable; however, Typha orientalis was the best for Cr. 相似文献
79.
Ramos AS Gonçalves F Antunes SC Nunes B 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2012,47(6):512-519
This study characterizes the cholinesterasic forms present in the bivalve Corbicula fluminea, through the analysis of differential affinity towards various substrates and inhibitors. This approach also permitted the validation of cholinesterase inhibition in the mentioned species for monitoring purposes by evaluating the inhibitory activity of a detergent (SDS) and a pesticide (chlorfenvinphos), both in vitro and in vivo. The cholinesterasic form present in the tissues of C. fluminea showed intermediate properties in terms of its relation with substrates and inhibitors. Furthermore, it was not inhibited by the detergent SDS under any of the test conditions, but was clearly inhibited by the selected organophosphate. The data show clearly that the main cholinesterasic form in C. fluminea is responsive to the organophosphate chlorfenvinphos, thus supporting the use of this biomarker for the environmental monitoring of specific contaminants such as anticholinesterasic pesticides. Despite not being commonly attained in the wild, the levels of chlorfenvinphos required to elicit a significant ChE inhibition were only one order of magnitude above actual values of aquatic contamination by this pesticide. 相似文献
80.
Lourenço J Silva A Carvalho F Oliveira J Malta M Mendo S Gonçalves F Pereira R 《Chemosphere》2011,85(10):1630-1634
Earthworms were exposed for 56 d to a contaminated soil, from an abandoned uranium mine, and to the natural reference soil LUFA 2.2. Histological changes in earthworm’s body wall (epidermis, circular and longitudinal muscles) and gastrointestinal tract (chloragogenous tissue and intestinal epithelium) were assessed, after 0, 14 and 56 d of exposure. Results have shown alterations in all the studied tissues after 14 d of exposure (except for the intestinal epithelium), yet more severe effects were registered after 56 d of exposure. Herein we report histopathological alterations as a good biomarker for the evaluation of soil quality. We also demonstrate that morphological changes in the body wall and gastrointestinal tract, are important endpoints that could be added to earthworm’s standardized tests, for the evaluation of soil toxicity, as part of the risk assessment of contaminated areas. 相似文献