关于汽车内饰塑料件气候交变试验的分析

通过对高温条件、低温条件、温湿条件的试验机理进行分析,对气候交变试验标准的合理性提出了质疑,并给出一种对比验证的方法进行验证,以期规范和有机统一不同的气候交变试验标准。另外还探讨了气候交变试验在验证产品生命周期上的意义以及气候交变试验与功能试验结合的必要性。     

汶川地震映秀镇地质条件与地表破裂特征调查

2008年5月12日14时28分04秒,四川省汶川县发生了MS 8.0地震.根据地震部门测定,本次地震是从映秀开始破裂,震中位于四川汶川县映秀镇附近(北纬31.015°,东经103.365°).在中国地震局组织的汶川地震科学考察成果基础上,本文分析了映秀地质条件:主要发育的地层为二叠系的石英闪长岩,震旦系的砂岩;通过研究区的主要构造为龙门山中央断裂-映秀-北川断裂;主要的地貌类型为河流地貌.调查了研究区的地表破裂特征,根据研究区的地貌类型将其划分为A、B、C三段,A段为河床沉积地貌,垂直断距最大;B段为丘陵地貌,断距中等,但诱发崩塌地质灾害;C段为河流边滩地貌,断距较小,但震害严重.     

磷灰石在废水治理中的应用

由于具有特殊的晶体化学特点，天然磷灰石可以作为一种新型环境功能矿物材料用于对含重金属废水的处理。对Cd^2 ,Pb^2 ,Fe^2 ,[UO2]^2 ,Cu^2 ,Zn^2 ,Cr^6 ,和Hg^2 等离子的吸附实验结果表明，磷灰石对绝大多数重金属离子去除效果很好。在室温和pH为3、作用时间为60min的实验条件下，Pb^2 去除率可达99．4％，饱和吸附容量超过1100mg/g。主要的去除机理包括吸附、表面络合、溶解－沉淀以及重金属离子与晶格中之间的离子交换作用。一般而言，被吸附的重金属离子可固化在晶格中而不出现解吸，因此不会产生二次污染。影响去除效果的因素包括磷矿石的类型、磷灰石的矿物成分、介质pH值、温度、吸附时间、离子的初始浓度、样品的粒度和用量等。通常，羟基磷灰石的效果优于氟磷灰石的，硅质磷块岩的效果优于钙质磷块岩的，结构碳酸根的存在能量增加比表面积从而增加反应活性。对于不同离子，最佳pH值条件不同。温度的升高有利于反应的快速进行，但一般地说60－180min即可达到平衡。     

长江上游曲麻莱至玉树段春秋季浮游植物群落结构及多样性评价

于2012年春季（4月）和秋季（10月）对长江上游曲麻莱至玉树段的浮游植物进行初步研究。结果显示：浮游植物共3门62种（属），以硅藻门最多，42种（属），占678%，其次是绿藻门11种（属），占177%，蓝藻门9种（属），占145%。浮游植物优势种为普通等片藻（Diatoma vulgare）、长等片藻（Diatoma elongatum）、尖针杆藻（Synedra acus）、曲壳藻（Achnanthes sp）、舟形藻（Navicula sp）、桥弯藻（Cymbella sp）、脆杆藻（Fragilaria sp）、直链藻（Melosira sp）、异极藻（Gomphonem sp）、菱形藻（Hantzchia sp）、小环藻（Cyclotella sp）、小颤藻（Oscillatoria tenuis）、席藻（Phormidium sp）和小球藻（Chlorella sp）14种，其中硅藻门12种（属），占优势种类的786%。浮游植物种类组成的季节变化不明显，春季（4月）和秋季（10月）均以硅藻为优势种群。浮游植物平均数量3487×104 cells/L，平均生物量0138 8 mg/L，硅藻数量和生物量分别占8786%和9668%,为优势种群。浮游植物现存量表现为春季高于秋季，支流高于干流。Shannon Wiener指数平均值251，Pielou指数平均值070，Marggalef指数平均值089，Shannon Wiener指数、Pielou指数和Marggalef指数是秋季高于春季。结合浮游植物各项评价指标，得出长江上游曲麻莱至玉树段浮游植物群落结构比较稳定，种类分布较为均匀，水体属贫营养型，水域生态环境良好     

Climate change mitigation policy paradigms—national objectives and alignments

The aim of this paper is to assess how policy goals in relation to the promotion of green growth, energy security, pollution control and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions have been aligned in policies that have been implemented in selected countries during the last decades as a basis for discussing how a multi objective policy paradigm can contribute to future climate change mitigation. The paper includes country case studies from Brazil, Canada, China, the European Union (EU), India, Japan, Mexico, Nigeria, South Africa, South Korea and the United States covering renewable energy options, industry, transportation, the residential sector and cross-sectoral policies. These countries and regions together contribute more than two thirds of global GHG emissions. The paper finds that policies that are nationally driven and that have multiple objectives, including climate-change mitigation, have been widely applied for decades in both developing countries and industrialised countries. Many of these policies have a long history, and adjustments have taken place based on experience and cost effectiveness concerns. Various energy and climate-change policy goals have worked together in these countries, and in practice a mix of policies reflecting specific priorities and contexts have been pursued. In this way, climate-change mitigation has been aligned with other policy objectives and integrated into broader policy packages, though in many cases specific attention has not been given to the achievement of large GHG emission reductions. Based on these experiences with policy implementation, the paper highlights a number of key coordination and design issues that are pertinent to the successful joint implementation of several energy and climate-change policy goals.     

光电测试系统及其在硐室排污通风研究中的应用

介绍了光电微机测试系统的构成、测试原理及其在扁平硐室排污通风实验研究中的应用,并根据模拟实验结果,提出了硐室排污通风风量的通用计算式:Q=β（V/t）In(Co/C)。     

考虑“双碳”目标与健康损失的区域现役火电机组有序退役研究

火电行业是我国经济社会发展的重要基础和保障，但也是碳排放的主要源头之一。在“双碳”目标约束下，新能源装机将持续增长，而火电机组则面临降碳和退役的压力。以安徽省为研究区域，考虑“双碳”目标与污染导致的健康损失等因素，对全省现役火电机组的计划退役与有序退役方案进行对比分析，为火电行业实现低碳发展提供路径参考。在有序退役方案下，结合初始投资、使用年限、年度发电收益与污染物排放计算出现役机组每年的净现值，并且根据未来安徽省碳排放削减目标，得到优化后的机组退役时间和顺序。结果表明：与常规的计划退役方案相比，有序退役方案使安徽省火电机组退役时间平均提前约5 a，在2060年碳中和之前可实现现役机组全部退役。2020—2060年，现役机组有序退役可累计减少碳排放量12.76亿t；累计减少SO₂、NO_x、PM_2.5排放量分别为1.44万t、2.13万t、0.17万t，比计划退役方案减少8.66亿元的健康损失。机组的有序退役不仅能带来巨大的环境效益与社会效益，也为“双碳”目标的实现提供了有力保障。     

Bioanalytical and instrumental analysis of estrogenic activities in drinking water sources from Yangtze River Delta

The estrogenic activities of source water from Yangtze River, Huaihe River, Taihu Lake and groundwater in Yangtze River Delta in the dry and wet season were determined by use of reporter gene assays based on African green monkey kidney (CV-1) cell lines. Higher estrogenic activities were observed in the dry season, and the estrogenic potentials in water samples from Taihu Lake were greater than other river basins. None of the samples from groundwater showed estrogen receptor (ER) agonist activity. The 17β-Estradiol (E2) equivalents (EEQs) of water samples in the dry season ranged from 9.41 × 10^?1 to 1.20 × 10¹ ng E2 L^?1. In the wet season, EEQs of all the water samples were below the detection limit as 9.00 × 10^?1 ng E2 L^?1 except for one sample from Huaihe River. The highest contribution of E2 was detected in Yangtze River as 99% of estrogenic activity. Nonylphenol (NP, 100% detection rate) and octylphenol (OP, 100% detection rate) might also be responsible for the estrogenic activities in water sources. Potential health risk induced by the estrogenic chemicals in source water may be posed to the residents through water drinking.