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11.
Influence of hydrogeochemical processes on zero-valent iron reactive barrier performance: a field investigation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Geochemical and mineralogical changes were evaluated at a field Fe0-PRB at the Oak Ridge Y-12 site concerning operation performance during the treatment of U in high NO3- groundwater. In the 5-year study period, the Fe0 remained reactive as shown in pore-water monitoring data, where increases in pH and the removal of certain ionic species persisted. However, coring revealed varying degrees of cementation. After 3.8-year treatment, porosity reduction of up to 41.7% was obtained from mineralogical analysis on core samples collected at the upgradient gravel-Fe0 interface. Elsewhere, Fe0 filings were loose with some cementation. Fe0 corrosion and pore volume reduction at this site are more severe due to the presence of NO3- at a high level. Tracer tests indicate that hydraulic performance deteriorated: the flow distribution was heterogeneous and under the influence of interfacial cementation a large portion of water was diverted around the Fe0 and transported outside the PRB. Based on the equilibrium reductions of NO3- and SO4(2-) by Fe0 and mineral precipitation, geochemical modeling predicted a maximum of 49% porosity loss for 5 years of operation. Additionally, modeling showed a spatial distribution of mineral precipitate volumes, with the maximum advancing from the interface toward downgradient with time. This study suggests that water quality monitoring, coupled with hydraulic monitoring and geochemical modeling, can provide a low-cost method for assessing PRB performance. 相似文献
12.
Geochemical and mineralogical changes were evaluated at a field Fe0-PRB at the Oak Ridge Y-12 site concerning operation performance during the treatment of U in high NO3- groundwater. In the 5-yr study period, the Fe0 remained reactive as shown in pore water monitoring data, where increases in pH and the removal of certain ionic species persisted. However, coring revealed varying degrees of cementation. After 3.8-yr treatment, porosity reduction of up to 41.7% was obtained from mineralogical analysis on core samples collected at the upgradient gravel-Fe0 interface. Elsewhere, Fe0 filings were loose with some cementation. Fe0 corrosion and pore volume reduction at this site are more severe due to the presence of NO3- at a high level. Tracer tests indicate that hydraulic performance deteriorated: the flow distribution was heterogeneous and under the influence of interfacial cementation a large portion of water was diverted around the Fe0 and transported outside the PRB. Based on the equilibrium reductions of NO3- and SO4(2-) by Fe0 and mineral precipitation, geochemical modeling predicted a maximum of 49% porosity loss for 5 yr of operation. Additionally, modeling showed a spatial distribution of mineral precipitate volumes, with the maximum advancing from the interface toward downgradient with time. This study suggests that water quality monitoring, coupled with hydraulic monitoring and geochemical modeling, can provide a low-cost method for assessing PRB performance. 相似文献
13.
Christian Riisager-Simonsen Olivia Rendon Anders Galatius Morten Tange Olsen Nicola Beaumont 《Conservation biology》2020,34(5):1152-1164
The goal of ecosystem-based management (EBM) is to support a sustainable and holistic multisectored management approach, and is recognized in a number of international policy frameworks. However, it remains unknown how these goals should be linked to assessments and management plans for marine fauna, such as mammals and fish stocks. It appears particularly challenging to carry out trade-off analyses of various ocean uses without a framework that integrates knowledge of environmental, social, and economic benefits derived from nonstationary marine fauna. We argue this gap can be filled by applying a version of the ecosystem-service approach at the population level of marine fauna. To advance this idea, we used marine mammals as a case study to demonstrate what indicators could operationalize relevant assessments and deliver an evidence base for the presence of ecosystem services and disservices derived from marine mammals. We found indicators covering common ecosystem service categories feasible to apply; examples of indicator data are already available in the literature for several populations. We encourage further exploration of this approach for application to marina fauna and biodiversity management, with the caveat that conceptual tensions related to the use of the ecosystem service concept itself needs to be addressed to ensure acceptance by relevant stakeholders. 相似文献
14.
Marine sponges harbor dense and highly diverse bacterial communities, and some percentage of the microflora appears to be
specialized for the sponge habitat. Bacterial diversity was examined in Chondrilla nucula Schmidt to test the hypothesis that some subset of sponge symbiont communities is highly similar regardless of the species
of host or habitat requirements of the host. C. nucula was collected from a mangrove channel on Lower Matcumbe Key in the Florida Keys (25°53′N; 80°42′W) in August 1999. Domain-specific
universal bacterial primers were used to amplify the 16S rDNA gene from genomic DNA that had been extracted from sponges and
the surrounding water. An RFLP technique was used to assess diversity of sponge-associated and environmental bacterial communities.
The clone library from C. nucula contained 21 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). None of the 53 OTUs from adjacent water samples were found in the C. nucula library indicating that a distinct community was present in the sponge. Sequence analysis indicated that C. nucula harbors a microbial community as diverse as the microbes from other sponges in different habitats around the world. Phylogenetic
analysis placed several C. nucula clones in clades dominated by bacteria that appear to be sponge specialists (e.g., Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria).
Proportional representation of major bacterial taxonomic groups represented in symbiont communities was compared as a function
of geographic location of sponge hosts. This study supports the hypothesis that sponges from different oceans existing in
dissimilar habitats harbor closely related bacteria that are distinct from other bacterial lineages and appear specialized
for residing within sponges. 相似文献
15.
Williams Paula Alessa Lilian Abatzoglou John T. Kliskey Andrew Witmer Frank Lee Olivia Trammell Jamie Beaujean Grace Venema Rieken 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(2):547-559
Regional Environmental Change - Many papers have addressed the differing approaches to observation by scientists collecting instrumented data and by community or local knowledge-based observations.... 相似文献
16.
17.
Heavy metal detoxification in eukaryotic microalgae 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
18.
Context and Systems: Thinking More Broadly About Effectiveness in Strategic Environmental Assessment in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bina O 《Environmental management》2008,42(4):717-733
China is an illustrative—and extreme—case of the difficulties of balancing the pursuit of economic, social, and environmental
objectives. In 2003 it adopted a form of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for its plans and programs (referred to
here as PEIA) with the aim of moving towards greater environmental sustainability. The literature has explored primarily the
issue of methods and legal procedures. This research contributes to the analysis of PEIA through a different set of interpretative
lens. Drawing on recent developments in the theory and practice of SEA, I propose a conceptualization of SEA effectiveness
that combines direct and incremental impacts, and a need for context-specific systems as a way to focus on the relationship
between assessment, planning, and their context, and thus maximize effectiveness. This framework underpins the analysis of
China’s experience, which I explore with the help of interview material and the literature. The result is an evaluation of
the strengths and weaknesses of PEIA in terms of its purpose, assessment concept, process, and methods. The detailed analysis
of six aspects of the context helps explain the origin of such shortcomings, and identify opportunities for its improvement.
I conclude defining elements of a context-specific system for SEA that seeks to maximize the opportunity for incremental,
as well as direct, effectiveness in China. 相似文献
19.
20.
Ilie S. Racotta Elena Palacios Ana M. Ibarra José Luis Ramírez Fabiola Arcos Olivia Arjona 《Marine Biology》2008,153(6):1245-1256
Induction of triploidy in aquatic organisms has increased worldwide in the last two decades, mostly because triploids have
better growth than diploids. According to a physiological hypothesis, partial or total sterility of triploids allows the accumulation
of reserves in muscle and other tissues instead of being transferred to the gonad. The present study analyzes lipid, protein,
carbohydrate, and fatty acid levels in muscle and gonads of Nodipecten subnodosus triploids and diploids over 18 months from June 2001 to December 2002. An important increase in gonadosomatic index of diploids
scallops was observed from May to June 2002 reaching the highest values in August. Such increase was not observed in triploid
scallops. Changes in biochemical composition in female gonad were in general related to the accumulation of reserves during
gonad development of diploid scallops. This accumulation was lower for triploid scallops, in accordance to their sterility,
especially for carbohydrates and acylglycerides. Adductor muscle index as well as protein and carbohydrate levels in muscle
increased in both ploidy groups during the reproductive period indicating no mobilization of reserves to sustain gonad development
in both ploidy groups. These results partially support the physiological hypothesis on the advantage of triploids: in a rich
food locality no mobilization of reserves is needed to sustain gametogenesis. This, together with a possible lower efficiency
of energy assimilation at high food concentration for triploids, may be the reason for an apparent lack of superiority of
N. subnodosus triploids in terms of adductor muscle growth. Only the levels of particular highly unsaturated fatty acids levels (namely
20:4n-6 and 20:5n-3) in muscle of diploid and triploid decreased during the reproductive period, indicating a possible transfer of selected
fatty acids to gonads, even in triploids. The muscle of triploids has a slightly but significantly higher proportion of 22:6n-3 compared to diploids, which can have implications for the nutritional and commercial value of triploid adductor muscle. 相似文献