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61.
Warrick Olivia Aalbersberg William Dumaru Patrina McNaught Rebecca Teperman Kate 《Regional Environmental Change》2017,17(4):1039-1051
Regional Environmental Change - Community-based adaptation (CBA) is becoming an increasingly popular approach to climate change adaptation in the Pacific islands region. Building adaptive capacity... 相似文献
62.
Vinke Kira Martin Maria A. Adams Sophie Baarsch Florent Bondeau Alberte Coumou Dim Donner Reik V. Menon Arathy Perrette Mahé Rehfeld Kira Robinson Alexander Rocha Marcia Schaeffer Michiel Schwan Susanne Serdeczny Olivia Svirejeva-Hopkins Anastasia 《Regional Environmental Change》2017,17(6):1569-1583
Regional Environmental Change - This paper reviews the current knowledge of climatic risks and impacts in South Asia associated with anthropogenic warming levels of 1.5–4 °C... 相似文献
63.
Phenotypic plasticity in Scenedesmus incrassatulus (Chlorophyceae) in response to heavy metals stress 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Peña-Castro JM Martínez-Jerónimo F Esparza-García F Cañizares-Villanueva RO 《Chemosphere》2004,57(11):1629-1636
The microalgae genus Scenedesmus is commonly found in freshwater bodies, wastewater facilities and water polluted with heavy metals. Phenotypic plasticity in Scenedesmus has been documented in response to a wide variety of conditions; however, heavy metals have not been comprehensively documented as phenotypic plasticity inducers. In this study, we report the phenotypic plasticity of Scenedesmus incrassatulus (a non-spiny, four-cell coenobium forming species) in response to EC50 value of copper, cadmium and hexavalent chromium. S. incrassatulus was grown in batch cultures in the presence of each metal. Chlorophyll-a content, cell size, parameters derived from the schematic energy-flux model for photosystem II, and morphotype expressions were recorded. Divalent cation metals induced unicellular forms, and hexavalent chromium produced out-of-shape coenobia corresponding to various stages of autospore formation. The changes induced by divalent metals were interpreted as phenotypic plasticity, because they were always associated to population doublings and were reversible when toxicant pressure was removed (only for Cu). Copper was the best inductor of unicellular forms and also affected significantly all the photosynthetic parameters measured. The developed morphotypes could confer ecological advantages to S. incrassatulus in metal stressed environments. 相似文献
64.
Reyer Christopher P. O. Rigaud Kanta Kumari Fernandes Erick Hare William Serdeczny Olivia Schellnhuber Hans Joachim 《Regional Environmental Change》2017,17(6):1563-1568
Regional Environmental Change - 相似文献
65.
Alison J. Gilbert Abigail McQuatters-Gollop Olivia Langmead Laurence Mee Jan Vermaat 《Ambio》2015,44(2):142-153
We augment discussions about the Good Environmental Status of the North Sea by developing two extreme visions and assessing their societal benefits. One vision (‘Then’) assumes restoration of benthic functioning; we contend that trawling had already degraded the southern North Sea a century ago. Available information is used to speculate about benthic functioning in a relatively undisturbed southern North Sea. The second vision (‘Now’) draws on recent benthic functioning. The supply of five ecosystem services, supported by benthic functioning, is discussed. ‘Then’ offers confidence in the sustainable supply of diverse services but restoration of past function is uncertain and likely to be paired with costs, notably trawling restraints. ‘Now’ delivers known and valued services but sustained delivery is threatened by, for example, climate change. We do not advocate either vision. Our purpose is to stimulate debate about what society wants, and might receive, from the future southern North Sea.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-014-0536-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献66.
The academic literature on climate change communications is growing. However, the majority of this literature focuses on the issue of climate change mitigation in a developed country context, and there is little published material regarding communication in a developing country and adaptation context. Similarly, despite community-based approaches to climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction increasing in the Pacific Islands region, there is very limited guidance on how to effectively communicate climate change in a way that enhances people’s resilience. This paper documents the experiences of organisations, including local and international non-government and faith-based organisations, governments, regional technical organisations and donor agencies in communicating climate change for adaptation in the Pacific region. Three key climate change communication challenges are highlighted and suggestions made for overcoming them based on results from interviews, a focus group discussion and an online forum. Finally, recommendations are made for good practice guidance in climate change communication that is empowering and culturally relevant. 相似文献
67.
Extreme events associated with global change will impose increasing stress on coastal organisms. How strong biological interactions
such as the host–parasite arms-race are modulated by environmental change is largely unknown. The immune system of invertebrates,
in particular phagocytosis and phenoloxidase activity response are key defence mechanisms against parasites, yet they may
be sensitive to environmental perturbations. We here simulated an extreme event that mimicked the European heat wave in 2003
to investigate the effect of environmental change on the immunocompetence of the mesograzer Idotea baltica. Unlike earlier studies, our experiment aimed at simulation of the natural situation as closely as possible by using long
acclimation, a slow increase in temperature and a natural community setting including the animals’ providence with natural
food sources (Zostera marina and Fucus vesiculosus). Our results demonstrate that a simulated heat wave results in decreased immunocompetence of the mesograzer Idotea baltica, in particular a drop of phagocytosis by 50%. This suggests that global change has the potential to significantly affect
host–parasite interactions. 相似文献
68.
For dioecious species, choosing a mate of the same sex can have reproductive costs. For sex-changing animals, however, a lack
of sex recognition may not carry a reproductive cost, as pairs that were initially same-sex can become opposite-sex pairs
as one partner changes sex. The strength of sex discrimination in sex changers, then, should depend on the duration of mating
associations and whether the time of sex change is influenced by social situation (“flexible” sex change). We studied two
species of marine snails that change sex from male to female, one with flexible sex change and long-term or permanent mating
associations (Crepidula fornicata) and one with short-term pairings and relatively fixed time of sex change (Crepidula convexa), to determine whether either species exhibits sex recognition and whether members of C. convexa show stronger sex discrimination. In laboratory experiments, small males, the choosing animals, were placed with either a
male or a female conspecific (no-choice experiments) or given a choice of a male or female (choice experiments). We controlled
for shell length in all experiments, as relative size may influence sex change or choice. Males of both species paired more
often with females than males, but, as predicted, males of C. convexa showed stronger discrimination: When given a choice, no C. convexa male paired with another male. In contrast, some C. fornicata males always chose other males even when given the choice of a female. These results suggest that sex recognition can be
adaptive even for sex changers but demonstrate that the level of sex recognition will depend on other aspects of reproductive
behavior. 相似文献
69.
70.
Passaretti María Gabriela Ninago Mario D. Villar Marcelo A. López Olivia V. 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(10):4394-4405
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Multifunctional horticultural mulches satisfy different agronomic needs: control weeds and insects, reduction of water evaporation and soil erosion, as... 相似文献