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101.
Bonneris E Perceval O Masson S Hare L Campbell PG 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2005,135(2):195-208
We studied organ and sub-cellular distributions of several trace metals in a freshwater bivalve that has been proposed for use as a metal biomonitor. Specimens of Pyganodon grandis were collected from nine lakes located along a Cd, Cu and Zn concentration gradient (Rouyn-Noranda area, Quebec). Gills and digestive gland were isolated, homogenized and six sub-cellular fractions were separated by differential centrifugation and analysed for their Cd, Cu and Zn content. Metallothionein was quantified independently. Gill tissues contained abundant calcium concretions that accounted for over 60% of the total gill burden of each metal. Cadmium and Zn concentrations in this granule fraction reflected ambient metal concentrations. Metal concentrations in the digestive gland also responded to the metal contamination gradient, but to a lesser extent than the gills, reflecting the lower abundance of granules in the digestive gland. Metals (Cd, Cu) in this organ were present largely in the "heat-stable proteins" fraction, and metal concentrations in this fraction were strongly correlated with those of both metallothionein and, to a lesser extent, the "lysosomes+microsomes" and "mitochondria" fractions. In both organs, Cd concentrations in the "heat-denaturable protein" fraction remained low and constant, suggesting reasonably effective metal detoxification. Some evidence for oxidative stress was noted in the gills but not in the digestive gland. Overall, we conclude that in nature metals in P. grandis are bound differently in the gills and in the digestive gland and that metal detoxification in the former organ may be less effective than in the latter. 相似文献
102.
利用薄膜扩散技术(DGT)原位富集天然水体中的甲基汞,溶剂洗脱后进入水相连行乙基化反应,与气相色谱(GC)联用,冷原子荧光光谱法(CVAFS)测定.实验结果显示,26"(3条件下在超纯水中放置24 h,典型DGT单元的最低检出限为0.014 ng/L;延长放置时闻或者减少扩散层厚度,可以得到更低的检测限.相对标准偏差<... 相似文献
103.
Cécile Courdier John Boudjarane Valérie Malan Christine Muti Brian Sperelakis-Beedham Sylvie Odent Sylvie Jaillard Chloé Quelin Cédric Le Caignec Olivier Patat Charlotte Dubucs Sophie Julia Caroline Schluth-Bolard Carole Goumy Sylvia Redon Jean-Baptiste Gaillard Minh Tuan Huynh Céline Dupont Anne-Claude Tabet Guillaume Cogan François Vialard Rodolphe Dard Guillaume Jedraszak Florence Jobic Mathilde Lefebvre Geneviève Quenum Saori Inai Mélanie Rama Fanny Sauvestre Frédéric Coatleven Julie Thomas Caroline Rooryck 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(6):734-745
104.
Kamran Moradkhani Laurence Cuisset Pierre Boisseau Olivier Pichon Marine Lebrun Houda Hamdi-Rozé Marie-Laure Maurin Nicolas Gruchy Marie-Christine Manca-Pellissier Perrine Malzac Frédéric Bilan Marie-Pierre Audrezet Pascale Saugier-Veber Anne-Laure Fauret-Amsellem Chantal Missirian Paul Kuentz Gregory Egea Agnès Guichet Isabelle Creveaux Caroline Janel Ines Harzallah Renaud Touraine Carole Goumy Nicole Joyé Jacques Puechberty Emmanuelle Haquet Sandra Chantot-Bastaraud Sébastien Schmitt Philippe Gosset Bénédicte Duban-Bedu Bruno Delobel Philippe Vago François Vialard Denise Molina Gomes Jean-Pierre Siffroi Jean-Paul Bonnefont Jean-Michel Dupont Philippe Jonveaux Martine Doco-Fenzy Damien Sanlaville Cédric Le Caignec 《黑龙江环境通报》2019,39(11):986-992
105.
Olivier Rubin 《Disasters》2020,44(2):239-261
Natural hazards not only have socioeconomic ramifications, they also have political repercussions. This paper takes stock of the fast-growing area of research linking disasters triggered by natural hazards to voting behaviour. It is based on the central tenet of voter retrospection: voters place emphasis on past events when making their selection. The study uncovers a great disparity in analysis of electoral outcomes in the wake of disasters, part of which can be explained by the different methodological choices of authors. However, the unpredictability of voting behaviour in the aftermath of disasters also points to the relevance of introducing an intermediate variable when elucidating voter movements. This variable should capture the prevailing political discourses that surround disasters, as these are likely to shape the dynamics of voter retrospection. The paper demonstrates the analytical relevance of such political discourses by contrasting political dynamics in Denmark and Sweden following the Indian Ocean tsunami on 26 December 2004. 相似文献
106.
Effects of the 2008 flood on economic performance and food security in Yemen: a simulation analysis 下载免费PDF全文
Extreme weather events such as floods and droughts can have devastating consequences for individual well being and economic development, in particular in poor societies with limited availability of coping mechanisms. Combining a dynamic computable general equilibrium model of the Yemeni economy with a household‐level calorie consumption simulation model, this paper assesses the economy‐wide, agricultural and food security effects of the 2008 tropical storm and flash flood that hit the Hadramout and Al‐Mahrah governorates. The estimation results suggest that agricultural value added, farm household incomes and rural food security deteriorated long term in the flood‐affected areas. Due to economic spillover effects, significant income losses and increases in food insecurity also occurred in areas that were unaffected by flooding. This finding suggests that while most relief efforts are typically concentrated in directly affected areas, future efforts should also consider surrounding areas and indirectly affected people. 相似文献
107.
108.
The study investigated whether plasmatic parameters in fish such as Cl- content could serve as physiological indicators to evaluate water quality. The variations of plasma Cl- content in two fish species caught in a wide range of rivers representative of the hydrographic system of Lorraine (N-E France) were investigated. First, we studied autochthonous populations of chub (Leuciscus cephalus) which is a widespread species in the rivers of Lorraine. Organisms living in highly mineralised rivers (>1500 microScm(-1))--either naturally or due to salt mine contamination--showed plasma Cl- content significantly greater than organisms living in river with a lower mineralisation. Second, we investigated plasma Cl- content of brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) in poorly mineralised streams (<80 microS cm(-1)) with different degrees of acidification, both on autochthonous and transferred organisms. While indigenous trout maintained their Cl- content even in the acidic streams, transferred trout exhibited an important decrease of Cl- content after 48 h of exposure under acidic conditions. 相似文献
109.
Adjustment of parental effort to manipulated foraging ability in a pelagic seabird,the thin-billed prion Pachyptila belcheri 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Henri Weimerskirch Olivier Chastel Luc Ackermann 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1995,36(1):11-16
An experiment was designed to examine in a long-lived seabird, the thin-billed prion (Pachyptila belcheri), how adults adjust their food provisioning strategy when their foraging abilities are reduced and when the chick's needs are increased. To reduce the foraging abilities of adults we impaired their flying ability by removing some flight feathers (handicapped), and to increase the food needs of the chick one parent was retained (single). Birds made either short foraging trips lasting 1–3 days, or long trips lasting 5–9 days. Control birds alternated long and short trips whereas single birds or handicapped birds made several successive short trips and thereafter a long trip. In each treatment, food loads tended to be heavier after long trips than after short trips, and single birds tended to bring heavier loads than control or handicapped birds. Birds in the three treatments lost similar amounts of mass after short trips and gained similar amounts of mass after long trips. However, the mass of handicapped birds declined through the experiment, while that of control and single birds remained stable. Although the proportion of chicks that died during the experiment was similar among the three treatments, the chicks fledged by a single bird were lighter than those in control nests. The results of the experiment suggest that thin-billed prions adjust their breeding effort differently to decreased flying ability or increased food demand by the chick. Single birds increase foraging effort without allowing their condition to deteriorate. Conversely, handicapped birds are unable to maintain their body condition while sustaining the chick at the same rate as control birds. It is suggested that in this long-lived seabird, adults probably adjust their breeding effort so that they do not incur the risk of an increased mortality, this risk being monitored by the body condition. 相似文献
110.
Thomas J. Olivier Carole Ober John Buettner-Janusch Donald Stone Sade 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1981,8(4):279-285
Summary In rhesus monkey populations, animals related by descent to some female comprise a matriline or genealogy. Data on blood protein polymorphisms in the Cayo Santiago rhesus colony indicate that allele frequency variations among matrilines in social groups are large. These variations occur despite high levels of outbreeding. Computer simulation analyses indicate that pedigree or linear effect account for much of the observed genetic differentiation among genealogies. A sampling with correlation model in which genealogy sizes and average kinship levels are parameters predicts among matriline genetic differentiation. This study indicates that substantial genetic substructure is present within rhesus social groups. Our analyses also predict that large variances in allele frequencies should be common among social or trait groups based on kinship relationships. 相似文献