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Pedro Daleo Juan Alberti Maria Soledad Avaca Maite Narvarte Paulina Martinetto Oscar Iribarne 《Marine Biology》2012,159(10):2359-2365
Feeding decisions under predation risk can be a key in the life of scavenger organisms, and tuned recognition of predation alarm cues and flexibility in the response are fundamental. The effect of injured conspecifics on the response behavior of the whelk Buccinanops globulosum to feeding opportunities was experimentally evaluated in a Patagonian Bay (40°45′S, 64°56′W, Argentina) in September 2010. The effect of sex, size, body condition, or starvation on anti-predatory behavior was assessed. The number of B. globulosum feeding on carrion was reduced by half when damaged conspecifics were present. Smaller, lighter, and starved individuals responded less to the presence of damaged conspecifics. These results indicate that, under natural conditions, feeding avoidance after detecting damaged conspecifics is a common and important anti-predatory strategy of B. globulosum and show that morphology and starvation are significant factors in the context of the trade-off between feeding and avoiding predation risk. 相似文献
53.
Oscar Horta 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2010,23(3):243-266
In spite of the considerable literature nowadays existing on the issue of the moral exclusion of nonhuman animals, there is
still work to be done concerning the characterization of the conceptual framework with which this question can be appraised.
This paper intends to tackle this task. It starts by defining speciesism as the unjustified disadvantageous consideration
or treatment of those who are not classified as belonging to a certain species. It then clarifies some common misunderstandings
concerning what this means. Next, it rejects the idea that there are different kinds of speciesism. Such an idea may result
from confusion because there are (1) different ways in which speciesism can be defended; and (2) different speciesist positions,
that is, different positions that assume speciesism among their premises. Depending on whether or not these views assume other
criteria for moral consideration apart from speciesism, they can be combined or simple speciesist positions. But speciesism
remains in all cases the same idea. Finally, the paper examines the concept of anthropocentrism, the disadvantageous treatment
or consideration of those who are not members of the human species. This notion must be conceptually distinguished from speciesism
and from misothery (aversion to nonhuman animals). Anthropocentrism is shown to be refuted because it either commits a petitio principia fallacy or it falls prey to two arguments: the argument from species overlap (widely but misleadingly known as “argument
from marginal cases”) and the argument from relevance. This rebuttal identifies anthropocentrism as a speciesist view. 相似文献
54.
Juan Martinez-Gomez Oscar Burgara-Montero José M. Ponce-Ortega Fabricio Nápoles-Rivera Medardo Serna-González Mahmoud M. El-Halwagi 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2013,26(5):908-923
This paper presents a general mathematical programming model for the synthesis of distributed treatment systems for industrial effluents discharged to watersheds. In addition to addressing the economic and environmental concerns of the design, the paper introduces safety as an additional objective. A multi-objective optimization formulation is developed to simultaneously address and reconcile the various objectives. Material flow analysis (MFA) is used to track the flows and concentrations throughout the watershed system while accounting for the different sources (industrial, sanitary, agricultural, precipitation, etc.), extractions (agricultural, filtration, evaporation, etc.), and physical, biological, and chemical phenomena occurring within the watershed. Additionally, the formulation allows the installation of treatment systems for the industrial effluents. The economic, environmental, and safety aspects of these treatment units are incorporated. A case study with different scenarios for the Balsas watershed in Mexico is considered to show the applicability of the proposed approach. 相似文献
55.
Olea-Olea Selene Escolero Oscar Mahlknecht Jürgen Mona Jorge Ortega Lucia Beramendi-Orosco Laura Zamora-Martinez Olivia Tadeo-Leon Javier 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(7):2301-2323
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The thermal mineral water of Peñón de los Baños spa (Mexico City) has been used for over 500 years starting in pre-Hispanic times and... 相似文献
56.
Kaye Nigel B. Robinson Dylan M. Akhter Romana Ahsanullah Md Safwan Jordan TaJon A. Martinez Oscar E. 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2022,22(4):763-787
Environmental Fluid Mechanics - Buoyant turbulent plumes are often categorized by their geometry and described as either round plumes, issuing from a point source, or line/planar plumes, issuing... 相似文献
57.
Teodoro Filipe Simões Soares Liliane Catone Filgueiras Jefferson Gonçalves de Azevedo Eduardo Ribeiro Patiño-Agudelo Álvaro Javier Adarme Oscar Fernando Herrera da Silva Luis Henrique Mendes Gurgel Leandro Vinícius Alves 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(18):26425-26448
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A new one-pot synthesis method optimized by a 23 experimental design was developed to prepare a biosorbent, sugarcane bagasse cellulose succinate... 相似文献
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Hydrological classification constitutes the first step of a new holistic framework for developing regional environmental flow
criteria: the “Ecological Limits of Hydrologic Alteration (ELOHA)”. The aim of this study was to develop a classification
for 390 stream sections of the Segura River Basin based on 73 hydrological indices that characterize their natural flow regimes.
The hydrological indices were calculated with 25 years of natural monthly flows (1980/81–2005/06) derived from a rainfall-runoff
model developed by the Spanish Ministry of Environment and Public Works. These indices included, at a monthly or annual basis,
measures of duration of droughts and central tendency and dispersion of flow magnitude (average, low and high flow conditions).
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated high redundancy among most hydrological indices, as well as two gradients: flow
magnitude for mainstream rivers and temporal variability for tributary streams. A classification with eight flow-regime classes
was chosen as the most easily interpretable in the Segura River Basin, which was supported by ANOSIM analyses. These classes
can be simplified in 4 broader groups, with different seasonal discharge pattern: large rivers, perennial stable streams,
perennial seasonal streams and intermittent and ephemeral streams. They showed a high degree of spatial cohesion, following a gradient associated with climatic aridity from NW to SE, and were
well defined in terms of the fundamental variables in Mediterranean streams: magnitude and temporal variability of flows.
Therefore, this classification is a fundamental tool to support water management and planning in the Segura River Basin. Future
research will allow us to study the flow alteration-ecological response relationship for each river type, and set the basis
to design scientifically credible environmental flows following the ELOHA framework. 相似文献