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191.
192.
CTAC改性膨润土吸附去除水体中高氯酸盐的离子交换性能研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
选用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)改性膨润土以提高膨润土对ClO4-的吸附能力.试验结果表明,CTAC改性能显著提高膨润土对ClO4-的吸附能力,在0.1~l mmol·L-1的C1O4-溶液中,6h内能迅速达到吸附平衡.有机膨润土对ClO4-的吸附最符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,其吸附容量可达0.48 mmol·g-1.pH值在4~10范围内变化对ClO-的吸附几乎没有影响.高的分配系数(Kd>1.5×103cm3·g-1)表明有机膨润土对ClO4-有很高的选择性,各阴离子的分配系数从小到大的顺序为HPO42-< SO42-< NO3-< ClO4-,这与阴离子的自由水合能大小相一致.1 mol·L-1 HCl溶液对吸附剂的再生效率在96%左右,可直接使用,不用再改性. 相似文献
193.
提出一种结构局部地震损伤过程的多尺度监测方法。首先,在混凝土材料尺度上,针对混凝土材料细观随机性影响问题,基于压电智能骨料进行混凝土压应力监测,通过试验方法建立了混凝土损伤全过程中压电智能骨料应力与混凝土宏观应力的概率统计关系;其次,在截面尺度上,基于MEMS倾角仪转动监测方法,提出混凝土压弯构件截面曲率的监测方法,并通过试验验证了该方法的可行性;最后,在构件尺度上,提出基于转动积分的层间变形监测方法并给出了转动监测位置的设计原理,通过构件试验验证了该监测方法的可靠性。 相似文献
194.
针对水体重金属污染治理问题,通过十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对竹炭(BC)、椰壳炭(CSC)进行改性, 采用傅里叶红外变换光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)和热稳定性分析(TGA)对改性前后的材料进行了表征,探究了投加量、pH对2种改性材料吸附去除水中镉离子性能的影响,并进行了动力学方程拟合及等温吸附模型拟合,探讨了CTAB改性前后活性炭吸附水中镉离子的机理。结果表明:2种CTAB改性材料基本结构虽未改变,但提升了竹炭(BC)和椰壳炭(CSC)的吸附性能,改性后材料的饱和吸附量分别为12.56 mg·g−1(CTAB-BC)、10.71 mg·g−1 (CTAB-CSC),较改性前分别提高了111%和92%;同时,CTAB-BC、CTAB-CSC的吸附量受pH影响较大,对二者的最适pH分别为4~7、6~7;CTAB-BC、CTAB-CSC均能较好地拟合准二级动力学方程(R2CTAB-BC=0.999 9, R2CTAB-CSC=0.993 7)及Langmuir模型(R2CTAB-BC =0.970 3, R2CTAB-CSC=0.976 8)。通过分析可知,CTAB-CSC、CTAB-BC 2种材料对含镉废水均有较好的去除效果。 相似文献
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Philippe Bayen Fidèle Bognounou Anne Mette Lykke Makido Ouédraogo Adjima Thiombiano 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2016,18(1):143-156
The topic of carbon sequestration in plants has received much attention recently due to concerns about global climate change, which is being exacerbated by deforestation. In the early days of the global bioenergy boom, the private sector and non-government organizations enthusiastically promoted the planting of Jatropha curcas L. as a key candidate shrub species for the production of bioenergy in West Africa. This study investigates the aboveground biomass production and carbon sequestration potential of J. curcas, which is already widely cultivated for the production of oil seeds, biodiesel and biokerosene. The specific objective is to use a destructive method to develop allometric prediction equations of the aboveground biomass production of J. curcas plantations. 38 J. curcas shrubs were harvested and weighed in order to estimate biomass production. These data were used to develop allometric equations for the estimation of wood, leaf and total aboveground biomass production. The best-fit models found for estimating shrub component biomass and total aboveground biomass production were of the power form. All of the regression equations relating the prediction of leaf biomass, wood biomass and total aboveground biomass with J. curcas diameter at 20 cm above the ground (D) were statistically significant (p < 0.001) and also presented the highest goodness of fit (high R 2). The aboveground biomass carbon content was estimated using the ash method. Carbon content in leaves and wood was, respectively, 48 and 54 %. The current established allometric equations can be helpful to provide a rapid estimation of the aboveground biomass and C stock for J. curcas biofuel projects in semi-arid conditions. 相似文献
199.
Evaluating Hydrologically Connected Surface Water and Groundwater Using a Groundwater Model
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Ruopu Li Mahesh Pun Jesse Bradley Gengxin Ou Jim Schneider Brandi Flyr Jessie Winter Sudhansh Chinta 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2016,52(3):799-805
Determination of the nature and extent of the connection between groundwater and surface water is of paramount importance to managing water supplies. The development of analyses that detail the surface water‐groundwater system may lead to more effective utilization of available water. A tool was developed to help determine the effects of groundwater and surface water interactions. The software tool includes two graphic user interfaces to allow full compatibility with numerical MODFLOW groundwater models. This case study shows the tool, in conjunction with MODFLOW groundwater models and carefully designed scenarios, can successfully calculate the rates of stream‐groundwater interactions, thereby providing the basis for designating management areas with the most significant hydrologic impact. This tool can be applied in other regions with similar settings and needs for integrated water management. 相似文献
200.
Hua-Se Ou Chao-Hai Wei Yang Deng Nai-Yun Gao Yuan Ren Yun Hu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(3):2122-2131
A novel dual coagulant system of polyaluminum chloride sulfate (PACS) and polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) was used to treat natural algae-laden water from Meiliang Gulf, Lake Taihu. PACS (Aln(OH)mCl3n-m-2k(SO4)k) has a mass ratio of 10 %, a SO4 2?/Al3 + mole ratio of 0.0664, and an OH/Al mole ratio of 2. The PDADMAC ([C8H16NCl]m) has a MW which ranges from 5?×?105 to 20?×?105 Da. The variations of contaminants in water samples during treatments were estimated in the form of principal component analysis (PCA) factor scores and conventional variables (turbidity, DOC, etc.). Parallel factor analysis determined four chromophoric dissolved organic matters (CDOM) components, and PCA identified four integrated principle factors. PCA factor 1 had significant correlations with chlorophyll-a (r?=?0.718), protein-like CDOM C1 (0.689), and C2 (0.756). Factor 2 correlated with UV254 (0.672), humic-like CDOM component C3 (0.716), and C4 (0.758). Factors 3 and 4 had correlations with NH3-N (0.748) and T-P (0.769), respectively. The variations of PCA factors scores revealed that PACS contributed less aluminum dissolution than PAC to obtain equivalent removal efficiency of contaminants. This might be due to the high cationic charge and pre-hydrolyzation of PACS. Compared with PACS coagulation (20 mg L?1), the removal of PCA factors 1, 2, and 4 increased 45, 33, and 12 %, respectively, in combined PACS–PDADMAC treatment (0.8 mg L?1?+?20 mg L?1). Since PAC contained more Al (0.053 g/1 g) than PACS (0.028 g/1 g), the results indicated that PACS contributed less Al dissolution into the water to obtain equivalent removal efficiency. 相似文献