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31.
The potential ecological impact of ongoing climate change has been much discussed. High mountain ecosystems were identified
early on as potentially very sensitive areas. Scenarios of upward species movement and vegetation shift are commonly discussed
in the literature. Mountains being characteristically conic in shape, impact scenarios usually assume that a smaller surface
area will be available as species move up. However, as the frequency distribution of additional physiographic factors (e.g.,
slope angle) changes with increasing elevation (e.g., with few gentle slopes available at higher elevation), species migrating
upslope may encounter increasingly unsuitable conditions. As a result, many species could suffer severe reduction of their
habitat surface, which could in turn affect patterns of biodiversity. In this paper, results from static plant distribution
modeling are used to derive climate change impact scenarios in a high mountain environment. Models are adjusted with presence/absence
of species. Environmental predictors used are: annual mean air temperature, slope, indices of topographic position, geology,
rock cover, modeled permafrost and several indices of solar radiation and snow cover duration. Potential Habitat Distribution
maps were drawn for 62 higher plant species, from which three separate climate change impact scenarios were derived. These
scenarios show a great range of response, depending on the species and the degree of warming. Alpine species would be at greatest
risk of local extinction, whereas species with a large elevation range would run the lowest risk. Limitations of the models
and scenarios are further discussed.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
32.
Speciation of five arsenic species (arsenite, arsenate, MMAAV, DMAAV and AsBet) in different kind of water by HPLC-ICP-MS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A method using Ion Chromatography hyphenated to an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer has been developed to accurately determine arsenite (As(III)), arsenate (As(V)), mono-methylarsonic acid (MMAA(V)), dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA(V)) and arsenobetaine (AsBet) in different water matrices. The developed method showed a high sensitivity with detection limits for each arsenic species close to 0.4pg injected. Arsenite and arsenate were the major species found in surface and well waters, but AsBet and DMAA(V) were found in some surface waters, which has never been reported before, while in some natural mineral waters located in volcanic region, the arsenic content exceeded the maximal admissible arsenic content by European legislation standards and the predominant form was As(V). 相似文献
33.
Oudinet JP Méline J Chełmicki W Sanak M Magdalena DW Besancenot JP Wicherek S Julien-Laferrière B Gilg JP Geroyannis H Szczeklik A Krzemień K 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,143(2):278-284
Complex interaction between anthropogenic activities, air quality and human health in urban areas, such as in Cracow sustains the need for the development of an interdisciplinary and integrated risk-assessment methodology. In such purpose, we propose a pilot study performed on asthmatics and based on a combined use of a biomarker, such as metallothionein 2A (MT-2A) in the characterization of human exposure to one or a mixture of pollutants and of Geographical Information Systems (G.I.S.) which integrates climatic and urban anthropogenic parameters in the assessment of spatio-temporal dispersion of air pollutants. Considering global incidence of air pollution on asthma and on peripheral blood lymphocytes MT-2A expression should provide a complementary information on biological risks linked to urban anthropogenic activities. Such study would help for the establishment of a sustainable development in urban areas that can maintain the integrity of air quality and preserve human health. 相似文献
34.
35.
Jeanne Amiel Nadine Gigarel Alexandra Benacki Paule Benit Isabelle Valnot Béatrice Parfait Jurgen-Christoph Von Kleist-Retzow Valérie Raclin Smaïl Hadj-Rabia Yves Dumez Pierre Rustin Jean-Paul Bonnefont Arnold Munnich Agnès Rötig 《黑龙江环境通报》2001,21(7):602-604
Respiratory chain deficiency (RCD) is responsible for a clinically heterogeneous group of early-onset untreatable disorders. Enzymological prenatal diagnosis (PD) can only be offered to a fraction of families. Moreover, due to the two-fold genetic origin of the respiratory chain (nuclear and mitochondrial DNA) and owing to the large number of nuclear genes involved in the respiratory chain assembly, maintenance and functioning, the identification of the disease causing gene in a given family remains challenging. Here, we report on PD of RCD by direct screening of NDUFV1, SDH-Fp, SCO1 and SURF1 mutations in five unrelated families with complex I, II and IV deficiency, respectively. The identification of the disease-causing gene in a given family with RCD is a major issue to provide both adequate genetic counselling and early, reliable PD. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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37.
Corinne Lampin-Maillet Marielle Jappiot Marlène Long Christophe Bouillon Denis Morge Jean-Paul Ferrier 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(3):732-741
Every year, more than 50,000 wildland fires affect about 500,000 ha of vegetation in southern European countries, particularly in wildland-urban interfaces (WUI). This paper presents a method to characterize and map WUIs at large scales and over large areas for wildland fire prevention in the South of France. Based on the combination of four types of building configuration and three classes of vegetation structure, 12 interface types were classified. Through spatial analysis, fire ignition density and burned area ratio were linked with the different types of WUI. Among WUI types, isolated WUIs with the lowest housing density represent the highest level of fire risk. 相似文献
38.
39.
Stephen W. D. Jenkins Carolyn J. Koester Vincent Y. Taguchi David T. Wang Jean-Paul F. P. Palmentier Kim P. Hong 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1995,2(4):207-210
A simple, rapid method for the extraction of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) from drinking and surface waters was developed using Ambersorb 572. Development of an alternative method to classical liquid-liquid extraction techniques was necessary to handle the workload presented by implementation of a provincial guideline of 9 ppt for drinking water and a regulatory level of 200 ppt for effluents. A granular adsorbent, Ambersorb 572, was used to extract the NDMA from the water in the sample bottle. The NDMA was extracted from the Ambersorb 572 with dichloromethane in the autosampler vial. Method characteristics include a precision of 4 % for replicate analyses, an accuracy of 6 % at 10 ppt and a detection limit of 1.0 ppt NDMA in water. Comparative data between the Ambersorb 572 method and liquid-liquid extraction showed excellent agreement (average difference of 12 %). With the Ambersorb 572 method, dichloromethane use has been reduced by a factor of 1,000 and productivity has been increased by a factor of 3–4. Monitoring of a drinking water supply showed rapidly changing concentrations of NDMA from day to day. 相似文献
40.