典型污染区河流表层沉积物中PAHs的分布、来源及生态风险

利用同位素稀释气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)联用技术定量分析了台州市路桥区37个河流沉积物样品中16种优控PAHs的浓度,并对其分布特征、来源及生态风险进行评价.结果表明,沉积物中16种PAHs的检出率均为100%,其总含量(∑PAHs)范围为59.3～3 180μg/kg,平均值为722μg/kg,与国内外同类研究相比处于中低程度污染水平;∑PAHs与有机碳(TOC)显著相关(r=0.699,p0.001),表明TOC是影响沉积物中PAHs污染水平和归趋的重要因素之一.同分异构体比值和因子分析表明,路桥沉积物中PAHs来源于混合源,其中燃烧源占优势.有6个采样点的平均ERL商值1,表明路桥部分采样点存在一定的生态风险;沉积物样品中PAHs的毒性当量浓度(TEQBaP)介于3.41～485μg/kg之间,7种致癌性PAHs对TEQBaP的贡献为98.4%,是生态风险的主要影响因素.     

气象模拟误差对异戊二烯排放估算的影响

利用MEGAN模式估算了珠三角地区2006年异戊二烯的排放情况,并设计了两组敏感性实验深入探讨了气象模拟误差对异戊二烯排放的影响.估算结果显示,2006年珠三角地区异戊二烯的排放量为95.56×106kg(以C计),且主要分布在珠三角地区周边植被覆盖较高的地方;受气象条件季节变化的影响,异戊二烯的排放表现出显著的季节和日变化特征,最大异戊二烯排放通量季节出现在夏季,为0.920t·km-2(以C计),最大排放速率均出现在13:00.敏感性实验结果显示,气象模拟误差能显著影响异戊二烯的排放,升高(降低)太阳辐射的输入,异戊二烯的排放量增加(减小)36.20%～50.70%(30.73%～41.88%),大于温度改变引起的排放量变化;升高(降低)气象输入并不会改变异戊二烯排放的日变化特征,但能显著影响排放速率的大小.上午8:00或下午17:00,异戊二烯排放速率的改变最为明显.     

四川发展农业循环经济的现状及问题

介绍了四川省地形地貌、人口与农业资源概况,分析了四川发展农业循环经济的现状和模式,提出了四川发展农业循环经济的关键问题。     

Emission characteristics of dioxins, furans and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during fluidized-bed combustion of sewage sludge

Pre-dried sewage sludge with high sulfur content was combusted in an electrically heated lab-scale fluidized-bed incinerator. The emission characteristics of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied. Coal and calcium oxide (CaO) were added during the sewage sludge combustion tests to optimize combustion conditions and control SO2 emission. The results indicated that the flue gases emitted during mono-combustion of sewage sludge were characterized by relatively high concentrations of SO2, NOx and organic pollutants, due to the high sulfur, nitrogen, and volatile matter content of sewage sludge. The total 16 USEPA priority PAHs and 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/Fs produced from sewage sludge combustion were found to be 106.14 g/m3 and 8955.93 pg/m3 in the flue gas, respectively. In the case of cocombustion with coal (msludge/mcoal = 1:1), the 16 PAHs and 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/Fs concentrations were markedly lower than those found during mono-combustion of sewage sludge. During co-combustion, a suppressant e ect of CaO on PCDD/Fs formation was observed.     

Performance of microbiological control by a point-of-use filter system for drinking water purification

Purification capacity of a faucet mounted type water filter for home use was evaluated, particularly with regard to microbiological performance under di erent running conditions. Biofilms were formed inside the filter, a ecting the bacterial quality of the e uent water. Low flow rate, long stagnation period and high filter temperature were found favorable for bacterial growth inside. By commercial analytical profile index (API) kits, ten di erent bacterial species were identified in drinking water, four of which were probably contributed to the biofilm formation since they were also present in the biofilm. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to confirm the API identification results, and direct viable count (DVC) method was employed to improve the sensitivity of FISH for the isolated Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas putida as models. Relationship between the filter operating condition and the bacterial community alteration was partly revealed, which could provide the basic knowledge for the filter design and its practical use.     

中空结构可燃物竖直向上火蔓延特性实验研究*

为探究中空结构固体可燃物竖直向上火蔓延的特征规律,针对不同试样内径(d)的瓦楞纸圆管进行竖直向上的火蔓延实验研究,探讨试样内径对其竖直向上火蔓延特性的影响。结果表明:其火蔓延过程可以分为火焰发展、稳定蔓延和火焰衰弱3个阶段,蔓延过程中对流换热占据主导地位;平均火焰高度随d的增大先增大后略微减小,在d=70 mm时达到最大;火蔓延速率和质量损失速率均随d的增大而增大,并且质量损失速率与d存在较好的线性关系;火蔓延速率与热释放速率呈现出较好的幂次关系。可以发现在一定范围内,中空结构可燃物的内径越大其火灾危险性越高。     

常态化疫情防控背景下区域应急医疗物资选址-分配模型*

在常态化疫情防控背景下,为避免本土病例造成区域不同需求主体防护物资短缺问题,构建最小化医院物资集散点需求未满足率加权和、最大化物资购买集中点分配公平性的储备库选址-分配模型,并基于某市相关数据,利用改进的非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-Ⅱ）进行仿真研究。结果表明:某市应选择储备库数目为5,在物资分配时考虑物资防护等级要求,可减少医院物资集散点物资浪费,增加物资购买集中点获得量。     

γ-Al2O3催化臭氧氧化水中嗅味物质机理探讨

以γ-Al₂O₃粉末为催化剂,研究催化臭氧氧化去除水体中典型嗅味物质2-甲基异茨醇（MIB）的效能与机理.结果表明,γ-Al₂O₃能够明显促进臭氧氧化去除MIB,表现出很好的催化活性,叔丁醇对γ-Al₂O₃催化氧化去除MIB过程具有明显的抑制作用.在催化臭氧氧化去除MIB过程中,γ-Al₂O₃表面电荷状态及表面羟基的带电性质与溶液的pH值有关.当溶液pH值与γ-Al₂O₃ 的pH_zpc接近时,γ-Al₂O₃的催化作用最为明显.γ-Al₂O₃催化臭氧氧化过程中自由基的相对量值R_ct比单独臭氧氧化过程高出近1个数量级,这进一步表明γ-Al₂O₃能明显促进臭氧分解产生更多的羟基自由基.最后还考察了不同摩尔比例的臭氧分解促进剂与抑制剂对γ-Al₂O₃催化臭氧分解的影响.     

钢铁工业区附近农田蔬菜PAHs的浓度水平及分布

分析了钢铁工业区附近农田蔬菜的PAHs污染状况,发现8种蔬菜可食用部分的15种PAHs总浓度为227.1～1?533.2 ng/g,平均为759.1 ng/g,8种可疑致癌多环芳烃(BaA、Chr、BbF、BkF、BaP、DahA、BghiP、IcdP)的总浓度为7.1～231.2 ng/g,平均达70.6 ng/g.蔬菜可食用部分PAHs的含量为叶菜类>果菜类>肉质根茎类.果菜类和根茎类蔬菜可食用部分的PAHs大多富集在果（根）皮上,皮中PAHs浓度约为肉中的3倍.植物积累PAHs的能力与其脂肪含量呈正相关,脂肪含量对叶片吸收亲脂性高的化合物影响较大,而对根部吸收的影响则相反.脂肪含量相近时,表面粗糙或具有细密绒毛的叶片富集PAHs的能力较强,须根系根吸收PAHs的能力比直根系根强.     

应用多元线性溶剂化能关系研究有机膨润土的吸附特征

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)制备的有机膨润土为代表,设置有机膨润土中CTMAB的负载量为1.0倍的阳离子交换量(CEC),测试了其吸附酚类、胺类、硝基类等25种有机物的有机碳标化的吸附系数(K∝)值.在此基础上,运用多元线性回归方法得到了有机膨润土吸附有机物的多元线性溶剂化能关系(LSER)模型,以明确各种作用...