煤矿生活污水处理中自控系统的应用

为了解决煤矿生活污水处理中自动化程度低、出水水质不够稳定的问题,根据水处理工艺的监控和控制要求,主要包括清污机的定时控制、污水提升泵和排泥泵的液位联锁控制、曝气系统的变频自动控制等,构建了由上位机监控单元、PLC控制单元、电气执行单元组成的自控系统,给出了自控系统的硬件配置、PLC控制程序设计和上位机监控程序设计等内容.运行实践表明自控系统运行稳定、操作简单,提高了管理水平和工作效率.     

Determining the origin and fate of nitrate in the Nanyang Basin,Central China,using environmental isotopes and the Bayesian mixing model

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Identifying sources of nitrate contamination has been a long-term challenge in areas with different land uses. We investigated the biogeochemical...     

2020年新冠疫情期间广州市大气污染物垂直分布特征

为研究新冠疫情发生后广州市实行疫情防控政策对大气污染物浓度的影响,利用广州市2019年12月1日—2020年2月29日的空气质量指数数据及广州塔垂直梯度观测站实时监测的PM_2.5、PM_1.0、NO_x、O₃、SO₂和CO等污染物浓度数据,采用统计分析、污染物特征雷达图及相关性分析等方法,探讨了疫情前后大气污染物的垂直分布、污染特征及其影响因素.结果表明,实施疫情防控政策后,除O₃外,其他组分浓度均有不同程度的下降,其中,NO_x下降幅度最大为68.5%,且浓度随着高度上升而降低;其次PM_2.5下降39.5%,但PM_2.5浓度随高度下降幅度不明显;相反地,O₃浓度升高了18.0%,且浓度随着高度上升而增加.研究发现,疫情防控期间NO_x浓度的减少导致了O₃浓度的积累,从而增强了大气氧化性,促进了高空中二次气溶胶的生成.综上,疫情管控期...     

Revealing photon transmission in an ultraviolet reactor: Advanced approaches for measuring fluence rate distribution in water for model validation

Fluence rate (FR) distribution (optical field) is of great significance in the optimal design of ultraviolet (UV) reactors for disinfection or oxidation processes in water treatment. Since the 1970s, various simulation models have been developed, which can be combined with computational fluidic dynamic software to calculate the fluence delivered in a UV reactor. These models strive for experimental validation and further improvement, which is a major challenge for UV technology in water treatment. Herein, a review of the simulation models of the FR distribution in a UV reactor and the applications of the current main experimental measurement approaches including conventional flat-type UV detector, spherical actinometer, and micro-fluorescent silica detector (MFSD), is presented. Moreover, FR distributions in a UV reactor are compared between various simulation models and MFSD measurements. In addition, the main influential factors on the FR distribution, including inner-wall reflection, refraction and shadowing effects of adjacent lamps, and turbidity effect are discussed, which is helpful for improving the accuracy of the simulation models and avoiding dark regions in the reactor design. This paper provides an overview on the simulation models and measurement approaches for the FR distribution, which is helpful for the model selection in fluence calculations and gives high confidence on the optimal design of UV reactors in regard to present methods.     

Fe2O3纳米棒的制备及其H2S气敏性能研究

为快速检测H2S泄漏,以一步水热法制备的Fe2O3纳米棒为基础,制备了H2S气体传感器。研究表明,该传感器在300℃工作温度下对10μmol/mol的H2S的灵敏度为2左右,响应时间为12s左右,恢复时间约4s。而且该传感器具有优异的稳定性和选择性,对CH4、CO等多种气体响应较差,适合用于长时间快速检测H2S气体的泄漏。     

A mechanistic study of ciprofloxacin adsorption by goethite in the presence of silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles

The adsorption behaviors of ciprofloxacin (CIP), a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, onto goethite (Gt) in the presence of silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (AgNPs and TiO₂NPs) were investigated. Results showed that CIP adsorption kinetics in Gt with or without NPs both followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The presence of AgNPs or TiO₂NPs inhibited the adsorption of CIP by Gt. The amount of inhibition of CIP sorption due to AgNPs was decreased with an increase of solution pH from 5.0 to 9.0. In contrast, in the presence of TiO₂NPs, CIP adsorption by Gt was almost unchanged at pHs of 5.0∼6.5 but was decreased with an increase of pH from 6.5 to 9.0. The mechanisms of AgNPs and TiO₂NPs in inhibiting CIP adsorption by Gt were different, which was attributed to citrate coating of AgNPs resulting in competition with CIP for adsorption sites on Gt, while TiO₂NPs could compete with Gt for CIP adsorption. Additionally, CIP was adsorbed by Gt or TiO₂NPs through a tridentate complex involving the bidentate inner-sphere coordination of the deprotonated carboxylic group and hydrogen bonding through the adjacent carbonyl group on the quinoline ring. These findings advance our understanding of the environmental behavior and fate of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in the presence of NPs.     

核电材料辐照损伤的多尺度高通量计算模拟

反应堆压力容器用钢等核电材料在持续服役中,由于中子辐照造成其内部缺陷不断累积,致使材料组织结构损伤、性能劣化,对核电安全运行形成潜在威胁。多尺度计算模拟是探索辐照缺陷演化机理的有效手段,结合等效缺陷结构理论,有望实现核电材料服役行为的高效评价与预测。文中综述了多尺度计算模拟在核电材料辐照缺陷演化相关研究领域的进展,并对缺陷结构的多尺度演化本质及相应的多尺度高通量计算模拟方法进行了分析讨论。结果表明,通过缺陷结构特征能量等效传递的方法可以实现从第一性原理计算到缺陷扩散反应动力学等高通量计算模拟的跨尺度耦合;通过多尺度高通量计算模拟得到的缺陷演化热力学和动力学数据,可以搭建用于预测核电材料长期服役行为的材料基因工程数据库;在材料缺陷结构特征能量-组织结构-性能关联性探讨基础上,应用高通量计算模拟,辅以高通量实验数据验证,有望建立基于材料基因组结构能的服役安全工程模型。     

狐尾藻在不同营养底泥腐解过程中胡敏酸的变化

采用平行因子分析方法,结合紫外吸收光谱、三维荧光光谱以及傅里叶变换红外光谱技术,研究了沉水植物狐尾藻在低、中、高营养底泥腐解过程中胡敏酸（HA）的变化,进一步揭示了不同营养底泥对沉水植物腐解的影响机制.结果表明,底泥营养水平越高,狐尾藻腐解得越快（P<0.05）,释放出更多的溶解性有机碳（DOC）、溶解性总氮（DTN）、溶解性总磷（DTP）和腐殖质;底泥营养程度与HA的疏水性、分子复杂性、分子量大小呈正相关（P<0.05）;荧光鉴别出不同营养底泥HA都含有1种类蛋白质组分C2和2种类富里酸组分C1、C3,且类富里酸组分和类蛋白质组分在不同腐解条件下具有相似的组分特征;不同营养底泥不同时间提取的HA红外图谱较为相似,表明不同腐解条件不同时间提取的HA含有相似的官能团,狐尾藻腐烂高营养底泥组提取的HA含有更多的芳香性物质和有机磷.采用光谱分析法对狐尾藻腐烂分解HA成分的化学结构特征进行系统的研究,可深入了解不同营养底泥对沉水植物腐解的影响机制,为湖泊水环境生态治理和修复提供理论参考.     

南京市环境承载力评价及其成因分析

从资源、环境、生态3个维度构建指标体系,运用空间状态法测度了南京市2011~2016年环境承载力状况,并从自然条件、区域发展和管理制度3方面解析影响因素,对其成因进行具体分析.结果表明：尽管南京市2011~2016年间环境承载力状况有所好转,但全市整体仍处于超载状态,主城区超载最严重,其次是六合区、浦口区和江宁区,溧水区与高淳区相对较好.南京市环境承载状态受自然、发展和管理类等多种因素影响,水、土资源禀赋及气象等自然条件对环境承载力起到先天限制作用;人口、产业等社会经济发展因素对环境承载力进一步造成压力,且加剧环境承载状态的空间差异性;管理能力上的不足是重要的影响因素,其不断提高对超载状况则起到一定缓解作用.