内电解—Fenton氧化—絮凝沉淀预处理焦化废水

采用内电解—Fenton氧化—絮凝沉淀的化学集成技术预处理焦化废水,优化了各工段的运行参数。实验结果表明：在钢铁铁屑与活性炭的体积比为1∶1的条件下,内电解工段的优化参数为进水pH 2.6~3.1、HRT=1.0 h;Fenton氧化工段的优化参数为Fe2+加入量200 mg/L、H2O2加入量1 000 mg/L、进水pH 3.0左右、反应时间1.0 h;絮凝沉淀工段的设定参数为进水pH 9.5~10.0、聚丙烯酰胺加入量1 mg/L、静置沉降0.5 h。在上述工艺条件下,该集成技术对废水的总COD去除率大于55%,处理后的废水BOD5/COD大于0.28,不添加稀释新水即可进入后续生化处理系统。该工艺占地面积小、系统结构简单、易于工业化,废水预处理成本为4~5元/t。     

铋电极差分脉冲伏安法测定水中痕量2,4-二硝基苯肼

以自制铋电极作为工作电极,建立了铋电极差分脉冲伏安法测定2,4-二硝基苯肼的分析方法。实验结果表明：以0.1 mol/L NaOH+0.1 mol/L KCl混合溶液（pH=13.0）配制测定底液,在扫描速率为100 mV/s的条件下,2,4-二硝基苯肼于-0.53 V处产生灵敏的氧化峰;在2,4-二硝基苯肼浓度为3.0×10-8~1.0×10-5 mol/L范围内,空白和试样的氧化峰电流强度差值与对应2,4-二硝基苯肼浓度的对数呈良好的线性关系,检出限达8.37×10-9 mol/L;将该方法应用于工业废水中痕量2,4-二硝基苯肼的检测,回收率为95.6%~103.1%,相对标准偏差小于3%。     

Industrial metabolism of chlorine: a case study of a chlor-alkali industrial chain

Substance flow analysis (SFA) is applied to a case study of chlorine metabolism in a chlor-alkali industrial chain. A chain-level SFA model is constructed, and eight indices are proposed to analyze and evaluate the metabolic status of elemental chlorine. The primary objectives of this study are to identify low-efficiency links in production processes and to find ways to improve the operational performance of the industrial chain. Five-year in-depth data collection and analysis revealed that system production efficiency and source efficiency continued increasing since 2008, i.e., when the chain was first formed, at average annual growth rates of 21.01 % and 1.01 %, respectively. In 2011, 64.15 % of the total chlorine input was transformed into final products. That is, as high as 98.50 % of the chlorine inputs were utilized when other by-products were counted. Chlorine loss occurred mostly in the form of chloride ions in wastewater, and the system loss rate was 0.54 %. The metabolic efficiency of chlorine in this case was high, and the chain system had minimal impact on the environment. However, from the perspectives of processing depth and economic output, the case study of a chlor-alkali industrial chain still requires expansion.     

Cu-SBA-15催化湿式过氧化氢氧化水溶液中罗丹明B

采用水热晶化法合成了不同含铜量的Cu—SBA-15介孔分子筛,并且用XRD、N2吸附、TEM以及uV—vis对所合成的样品进行表征。以Cu—SBA-15为催化剂,H2O2为氧化剂,催化湿式过氧化水溶液中的罗丹明B,主要考察H2O2浓度、催化剂用量、处理温度、初始pH等因素对罗丹明B氧化效果的影响。结果表明,在同样的处理条件下罗丹明的脱色率明显高于TOC去除率,处理温度、初始pH对罗丹明B的脱色与氧化有重要影响。在罗丹明B初始浓度100mg／L,H2O2初始浓度1．8g／L,催化剂量0．3g／L,温度60℃,pH为7．0,处理时间100min时,罗丹明B的脱色率为98．6％,TOC去除率为62．8％。     

一株苯酚降解菌的筛选及降解动力学特性

利用富集驯化的培养方法,从首钢焦化厂废水处理系统中的二沉池出水中,分离筛选出一株能够高效降解苯酚的菌株B3对其16S rDNA序列进行分析,并选择Monod方程和Andrews方程分别研究该菌在不同苯酚浓度条件下的降酚动力学模式。结果表明,B3为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus);苯酚浓度较低时,苯酚对菌株的生长基本不产生抑制作用,用Monod模型对B3降酚动力学过程进行拟合,其动力学参数V max=0.03 h-1,K s=25.53 mg/L;苯酚浓度较高时,按照Andrews模型对B3降酚动力学过程进行非线性最小二乘曲线拟合,其动力学参数V max=0.08 h-1,K s=147.52 mg/L,K i=384.96 mg/L。根据动力学方程,推论菌株B3降解对于浓度238.30 mg/L的苯酚具有最佳降解效果。     

UV_(254)在煤制气废水处理中的指示作用

鉴于UV254具有操作简单、测定速度快、成本低和重现性好等优点,对UV254在煤制气废水处理中监测与指示作用进行了分析研究。结果表明,煤制气废水水质比较复杂,在各个处理单元中,COD和UV254的相关系数最高仅为0.8328,相关性不高,UV254不适合代替COD作为日常监测指标。在臭氧深度处理煤制气废水的实验中,COD与UV254相关系数为0.9826和0.9812,在煤制气废水处理工艺中沿程COD和UV254相关系数为0.9879。结果表明,在水质一定的情况下进行废水处理过程中,UV254与COD的变化趋势高度一致,具有显著的相关性,UV254可以作为预测COD去除效果的指示指标,这在将在较大程度上节约时间和降低实验成本。     

The indecisive role of the market in China’s SO2 and COD emissions trading

Governmental intervention is essential to combat environmental pollution, a phenomenon classically explained as market failure, while market-based environmental policy instruments have provided cost-effective alternatives. By examining five pilot air pollution (sulfur dioxide) and water pollution (chemical oxygen demand) trading schemes in China through a market-based theoretical framework and extensive empirical analysis, this research analyzes where a state-market boundary is defined, whether the market is performing effectively, and, critically, what leads to underperformance. Constrained by policy design, policy conflicts, and excessive state intervention, the market has not played an effective and ‘decisive’ role, resulting in low market thickness for participants and transactions, market congestion on prices, and inadequate market safety for genuine emissions trading. Better emissions trading for conventional pollutants and CO₂ requires better market-oriented rules, improved policy coordination, and stronger implementation while minimizing state intervention.     

面波的尾波衰减经验关系和震级

从南京地震台DK - 1中长周期地震记录 ,取得地震面波的尾波地动双振幅A随尾波推移时间τ(自图上P波起算 )的衰减关系 ,并以MS(PEK)震级标度为基准 ,定义面波的尾波震级MSC=0 88lgAH+1 51lgτH+0 73 =0 86lgAZ+1 47lgτZ+0 76 ,尾波的多点测量改善了MSC的精度 ,震级标准差S=0 1 2。     

固定源排气中可凝结颗粒物排放与测试探讨

阐述了可凝结颗粒物的定义及国内外颗粒物的测定方法,并就可凝结颗粒物的量级及危害进行了初步讨论,提出可凝结颗粒物应为被忽略的固定源颗粒状污染物,揭示出我国现存颗粒物采样方法存在的问题,并对此问题进行探讨,指出下一步工作的方向。