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排序方式: 共有461条查询结果,搜索用时 343 毫秒
241.
Kunwar P. Singh Premanjali Rai Arun K. Singh Priyanka Verma Shikha Gupta 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(10):6663-6682
Six pharmaceuticals of different categories, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, diclofenac), anti-epileptic (carbamazepine), and anti-microbial (trimethoprim), were investigated in wastewater of the urban areas of Ghaziabad and Lucknow, India. Samples were concentrated by solid phase extraction (SPE) and determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. The SPE-HPLC method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. All the six drugs were detected in wastewater of Ghaziabad, whereas naproxen was not detected in Lucknow wastewater. Results suggest that levels of these detected drugs were relatively higher in Ghaziabad as compared to those in Lucknow, and diclofenac was the most frequently detected drug in both the study areas. Detection of these drugs in wastewater reflects the importance of wastewater inputs as a source of pharmaceuticals. In terms of the regional distribution of compounds in wastewater of two cities, higher spatial variations (coefficient of variation 112.90–459.44 %) were found in the Lucknow wastewater due to poor water exchange ability. In contrast, lower spatial variation (162.38–303.77 %) was observed in Ghaziabad. Statistical analysis results suggest that both data were highly skewed, and populations in two study areas were significantly different (p?0.05). A risk assessment based on the calculated risk quotient (RQ) in six different bioassays (bacteria, duckweed, algae, daphnia, rotifers, and fish) showed that the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) posed high (RQ >1) risk to all the test species. The present study would contribute to the formulation of guidelines for regulation of such emerging pharmaceutical contaminants in the environment. 相似文献
242.
Manika Gupta N. K. Garg Himanshu Joshi M. P. Sharma 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(3):1639-1654
The present study was undertaken to study the trends of transport of thiram, a dithiocarbamate pesticide, at different time and depth in the fields under real field conditions for wheat crop. Numerical simulations were carried out by solving the coupled soil–water content movement and mass transport equations using HYDRUS- 1D. The supplementary data used for paramaterization of HYDRUS-1D comprise of irrigation treatments, climatic conditions, and soil characteristics. Results focus on the effects and influence of irrigation treatments on pesticide persistence and mobility. Modelling results were in good agreement with the experimentally determined thiram concentrations. Application of the model to measured field data of thiram movement indicates that the modelling approach can provide reliable and useful estimates of the mass flux of water and non-volatile pesticide in vadose zone. For policy-makers and planners, some regulation strategies are suggested for controlling inappropriate pesticide application under deficit irrigation or rain-fed conditions. 相似文献
243.
Vaishali Ashok Tarun Gupta Shefali Dubey Rajmal Jat 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(2):735-750
This study characterizes the exposure of a typical Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur student to particulate matter and gaseous co-pollutants like carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, and nitrogen dioxide in various microenvironments, within and outside the college campus. Chemical analysis of filter, used for the particulate matter measurement, was also carried out to determine the concentration of various elements such as Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Pb, Zn, and anions like F?, Cl?, NO3 ?, and SO4 2?. Furthermore, time activity diary along with temperature data was maintained for the precise evaluation and analysis of results for various microenvironments. The results showed PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations to be higher at some outdoor microenvironments, particularly near the Ganga riverbank. From the chemical analysis, concentrations of chloride and fluoride were found higher in indoor microenvironments as compared to outdoors. Also, nitrate concentrations were quite higher within the laboratory premises. Concentrations of Ca, Fe, and Mg were significant outdoors, whereas Na, Ca, Fe, and K were prominent indoors. The study highlights the real-time personal exposure of a student cohort to various toxic pollutants typically found within their breathing levels and their potential sources both indoors and outdoors. 相似文献
244.
Kale VD Walunj AR Battu RS Sahoo SK Singh B Paramasivam M Roy S Banerjee T Banerjee H Rao CS Reddy DJ Reddy KN Reddy CN Tripathy V Jaya M Pant S Gupta M Singh G Sharma KK 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(7):4267-4270
Supervised field trials were conducted at the research farms of four agricultural universities located at different agro-climatic zones of India to find out the harvest time residues of flubendiamide and its des-iodo metabolite on pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) during the year 2006-2007. Two spray applications of flubendiamide 20 WDG at 50 g (T(1)) and 100 g (T(2)) a.i./ha were given to the crop at 15-days interval. The foliage samples at different time intervals were drawn at only one location, however, the harvest time samples of pigeon pea grain, shell, and straw were drawn at all the four locations. The residues were estimated by HPLC coupled with UV-VIS variable detector. No residues of flubendiamide and its des-iodo metabolite were found at harvest of the crop at or above the LOQ level of 0.05 μg/g. On the basis of the data generated, a pre-harvest interval (PHI) of 28 days has been recommended and the flubendiamide 20 WDG has been registered for use on pigeon pea by Central Insecticide Board and Registration Committee, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India and the MRL has been fixed by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India under Prevention of Food and Adulteration as 0.05 μg/g on pigeon pea grains. 相似文献
245.
Singh K Singh DP Dixit CK Singh N Sharma C Sahai S Jha AK Kumari M Khan ZH Gupta PK 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(7):4553-4564
A field campaign on aerosol chemical properties and trace gases measurements was carried out along the Delhi-Hyderabad-Delhi road corridor (spanning about 3,200 km) in India, during February 1-29, 2004. Aerosol particles were collected on quartz and cellulose filters using high volume (PM(10)) sampler at various locations along the route (i.e., urban, semi-urban, rural, and forest areas) and have been characterized for major cations (Na(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), K(+), and NH (4) (+)), anions (Cl(-), NO (3)(-), and SO (4)(2-)), and heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Pb). Simultaneously, we measured NO(2) and SO(2) gases. These species show large spatial and temporal variations. The ambient PM(10) concentration has been observed to be the highest (55 ± 4 μg m(-3)) near semi-urban areas followed by forest areas (48 ± 2 μg m(-3)) and in rural areas (44 ± 22 μg m(-3)). The concentrations of NO( x ) (NO(2)+NO) and SO(2) ranged from 16 to 69 μg m(-3) and 4 to 11 μg m(-3), respectively. Among anions, NO(3)(-) and SO(4) (2-) are the major constituents of PM(10). The urban and semi-urban sites showed enhanced concentrations of Fe, Zn, Mn, Cd, and Pb. This study provide information about atmospheric concentrations of various species in the northern to central India, which may be important for policy makers to better understand the air quality of the region. 相似文献
246.
Sharma KK Kalpana Sharma V Gupta P Jaya M Kumar A Singh B 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,137(1-3):179-184
Fipronil termiticide belongs to phenyl-pyrazole class of chemical compounds. It has broad-spectrum activity particularly against
house hold pests such as cockroaches, mosquitoes, locusts, ticks, and fleas at both larval and adult stages. At high dosage
it can be used to control subterranean termites in building foundations. To evaluate long term efficacy against termites the
persistence and vertical distribution of fipronil was studied under natural weather conditions of Dehradun, India. Fipronil
was applied at four concentrations i.e. 0.05, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5% a.i ha−1 by drenching 17 × 17 in.2 plot prepared as per modified ground board test. Soil samples were collected after 22, 38 and 56 months of treatment up to
the depth of 75 cm. The soil core was cut into five distinct sections i.e. 0–15, 15–30, 30–45, 45–60 and 60–75 cm depth. The
residues were extracted by shaking 20 g soil sample with acetone. The acetone extract was concentrated and cleaned-up over
florisil column. Fipronil residues were estimated on GLC at 220, 260, and 300°C oven, injector and detector temperature respectively.
Fipronil was found to persist beyond 56 months after application. Two metabolites viz. desulfinyl and sulfide-fipronil were
detected in sampling after 22 months of application that also dissipated with time. Fipronil residues were found up to 60 cm
depth. The residues in deeper layers dissipate slowly with time and after 56 months of treatment residues were detected only
up to 30 cm depth. 相似文献
247.
Kunwar P. Singh Shikha Gupta Premanjali Rai 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(5):2749-2765
Kernel function-based regression models were constructed and applied to a nonlinear hydro-chemical dataset pertaining to surface water for predicting the dissolved oxygen levels. Initial features were selected using nonlinear approach. Nonlinearity in the data was tested using BDS statistics, which revealed the data with nonlinear structure. Kernel ridge regression, kernel principal component regression, kernel partial least squares regression, and support vector regression models were developed using the Gaussian kernel function and their generalization and predictive abilities were compared in terms of several statistical parameters. Model parameters were optimized using the cross-validation procedure. The proposed kernel regression methods successfully captured the nonlinear features of the original data by transforming it to a high dimensional feature space using the kernel function. Performance of all the kernel-based modeling methods used here were comparable both in terms of predictive and generalization abilities. Values of the performance criteria parameters suggested for the adequacy of the constructed models to fit the nonlinear data and their good predictive capabilities. 相似文献
248.
Sarika Gupta Ranu Gadi T.K. Mandal S.K. Sharma 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2017,189(1):43
Delhi is one of the most polluted cities in the world. The generation of aerosols in the lower atmosphere of the city is mainly due to a large amount of natural dust advection and sizable anthropogenic activities. The compositions of organic compounds in aerosols are highly variable in this region and need to be investigated thoroughly. Twenty-four-hour sampling to assess concentrations of n-alkanes (ng/m3) in PM10 was carried out during January 2015 to June 2015 at Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for Women (IGDTUW) Campus, Delhi, India. The total average concentration of n-alkanes, 243.7 ± 5.5 ng/m3, along with the diagnostic tools has been calculated. The values of CPI1, CPI2, and CPI3 for the whole range of n-alkanes series, petrogenic n-alkanes, and biogenic n-alkanes were 1.00, 1.02, and 1.04, respectively, and C max were at C25 and C27. Diagnostic indices and curves indicated that the dominant inputs of n-alkanes are from petrogenic emissions, with lower contribution from biogenic emissions. Significant seasonal variations were observed in average concentrations of n-alkanes, which is comparatively higher in winter (187.4 ± 4.3 ng/m3) than during the summer season (56.3 ± 1.1 ng/m3). 相似文献
249.
M. K. Gupta Vibha Singh Poonam Rajwanshi Meetu Agarwal Kavita Rai Shalini Srivastava Rohit Shrivastav Sahab Dass 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1999,59(3):275-285
Fluoride concentration and other parameters in groundwater from 261 villages in Tehsil Kheragarh of District Agra were assessed and attempts were made to observe the relationship between fluoride and other water quality parameters. Of 658 groundwater samples (collected from separate sources) analysed for fluoride, 27% were in the range of 0–1.0 mg/L, 25% in 1.0–1.5 mg/L, 32% in1.5–3.0 mg/L and 16% above 3.0 mg/L. The highest fluoride concentration recorded was 12.80 mg/L. Significant correlation of fluoride with pH, alkalinity, Na, SiO2 and PO4 were observed. Factor analysis was also attempted in order to identify the contributing sources. 相似文献
250.
Baowen Lou Diego Maria Barbieri Marco Passavanti Cang Hui Akshay Gupta Inge Hoff Daniela Antunes Lessa Gaurav Sikka Kevin Chang Kevin Fang Louisa Lam Brij Maharaj Navid Ghasemi Yaning Qiao Solomon Adomako Ali Foroutan Mirhosseini Bhaven Naik Arunabha Banerjee Fusong Wang Andrew Tucker Zhuangzhuang Liu Kasun Wijayaratna Sahra Naseri Lei Yu Hao Chen Benan Shu Shubham Goswami Prince Peprah Amir Hessami Montasir Abbas Nithin Agarwal 《Ambio》2022,51(3):531
As largely documented in the literature, the stark restrictions enforced worldwide in 2020 to curb the COVID-19 pandemic also curtailed the production of air pollutants to some extent. This study investigates the perception of the air pollution as assessed by individuals located in ten countries: Australia, Brazil, China, Ghana, India, Iran, Italy, Norway, South Africa and the USA. The perceptions towards air quality were evaluated by employing an online survey administered in May 2020. Participants (N = 9394) in the ten countries expressed their opinions according to a Likert-scale response. A reduction in pollutant concentration was clearly perceived, albeit to a different extent, by all populations. The survey participants located in India and Italy perceived the largest drop in the air pollution concentration; conversely, the smallest variation was perceived among Chinese and Norwegian respondents. Among all the demographic indicators considered, only gender proved to be statistically significant.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01574-2. 相似文献