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91.
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93.
Sarah A. Collins Christene Hubbard Anne M. Houtman 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1994,35(1):21-25
Studies of female mate preference in zebra finches (Taenopygia guttata) have shown that male beak colour and song rate are important. However, the two characters are correlated. Here the effect of beak colour and song rate on female choice are examined independently. In mate choice tests involving two males, beak colour was manipulated artificially using nail varnish. The results showed that females showed a significant preference for males with a high song rate, but not with a red beak. Females did not prefer males with a red beak if song rate was low and females preferred males with orange beaks who expressed a high song rate. Female preference for males with red beaks was not found when beak and song characters were no longer correlated. 相似文献
94.
Growth, age and somatic production of the benthic predator Odontocymbiola magellanica were studied in Golfo Nuevo (42°S 65°W), on the South American Atlantic shelf. Stable oxygen isotope ratios confirmed semiannual
formation of internal and external shell growth marks. Mean shell length (SL) of females was 115 and 112 mm for males, while
population modal shell-free wet mass (SFWM) was 62.8 g. A Gompertz growth function (SL∞ = 200 mm, K = 0.197, t
0 = 5.486) fitted 113 pairs of size-at-age data (12 shells) best. O. magellanica is a long-lived species, reaching up to 20 years of age. The maximum individual somatic production of 29.3 g SFWM per year
is attained at 145 mm SL, which corresponds to about 12 years of age. The life span of this volutid seems to be twice compared
with other large gastropods. O. magellanica is a valuable and exploitable resource regarding its large size and somatic production, but on the other hand, its slow growth,
late maturity and direct development makes it extremely vulnerable to overexploitation. 相似文献
95.
Collins AR Murphy J Bainbridge D 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2000,50(6):1037-1044
Four combinations of litter and carcasses from broiler chickens were examined utilizing a thermophilic, stirred-tank digester of demonstration size of approximately 10,000 gal. Under computed optimal loading rates, litter with paper bedding had the highest daily production of methane over an 8-day retention period. The greatest methane production per lb of volatile solids was achieved over 10 days with litter and paper bedding combined with carcasses. This research found that sufficient poultry litter is generated within 20 mi (32 km) of Moorefield, WV, to support a commercial-sized digester operation. However, anaerobic digestion of poultry waste cannot be financially supported by methane production alone. To be financially viable, anaerobic digestion requires a disposal fee for poultry waste and/or the sale of the digested solid effluent as an organic fertilizer to retail markets. 相似文献
96.
Collins C Laturnus F Nepovim A 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2002,9(1):86-94
The widespread use of industrial chemicals in our highly industrialized society has often caused contamination of large terrestrial and marine areas due to the deliberate and accidental release of organic pollutants into the soil and groundwater. In this review, environmental problems arising from the use of chlorinated solvents and BTEX compounds are described, and an overview about active management strategies for remediation with special emphasis on phytoremediation are presented to achieve a reduction of the total mass of chlorinated solvents and BTEX compounds in contaminated areas. Phytoremediation has been proposed as an efficient, low-cost remediation technique to restore areas contaminated with chlorinated solvents and BTEX compounds. The feasibility of phytoremediation as a remediation tool for these compounds is discussed with particular reference to the uptake and metabolism of these compounds, and a future perspective on the use of phytoremediation for the removal of chlorinated solvents and BTEX compounds is given. 相似文献
97.
Derwent RG Stevenson DS Doherty RM Collins WJ Sanderson MG Johnson CE Cofala J Mechler R Amann M Dentener FJ 《Ambio》2005,34(1):54-59
A global three-dimensional Lagrangian chemistry-transport model STOCHEM is used to describe the European regional acid deposition and ozone air quality impacts along the Atlantic Ocean seaboard of Europe, from the SO2, NOx, VOCs and CO emissions from international shipping under conditions appropriate to the year 2000. Model-derived total sulfur deposition from international shipping reaches over 200 mg S m(-2) yr(-1) over the southwestern approaches to the British Isles and Brittany. The contribution from international shipping to surface ozone concentrations during the summertime, peaks at about 6 ppb over Ireland, Brittany and Portugal. Shipping emissions act as an external influence on acid deposition and ozone air quality within Europe and may require control actions in the future if strict deposition and air quality targets are to be met. 相似文献
98.
99.
A. Dornhaus E. J. Collins F.-X. Dechaume-Moncharmont A. I. Houston N. R. Franks J. M. McNamara 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2006,61(1):151-161
Information about food sources can be crucial to the success of a foraging animal. We predict that this will influence foraging decisions by group-living foragers, which may sacrifice short-term foraging efficiency to collect information more frequently. This result emerges from a model of a central-place forager that can potentially receive information on newly available superior food sources at the central place. Such foragers are expected to return early from food sources, even with just partial loads, if information about the presence of sufficiently valuable food sources is likely to become available. Returning with an incomplete load implies that the forager is at that point not achieving the maximum possible food delivery rate. However, such partial loading can be more than compensated for by an earlier exploitation of a superior food source. Our model does not assume cooperative foraging and could thus be used to investigate this effect for any social central-place forager. We illustrate the approach using numerical calculations for honeybees and leafcutter ants, which do forage cooperatively. For these examples, however, our results indicate that reducing load confers minimal benefits in terms of receiving information. Moreover, the hypothesis that foragers reduce load to give information more quickly (rather than to receive it) fits empirical data from social insects better. Thus, we can conclude that in these two cases of social-insect foraging, efficient distribution of information by successful foragers may be more important than efficient collection of information by unsuccessful ones. 相似文献
100.