乳状液膜法处理含氨基J酸工业废水的初步研究

采用乳状液膜分离技术处理含氨基Ｊ酸工业废水,研究了表面活性剂种类和浓度、流动载体种类、内相ＮａＯＨ的浓度和外相酸度等因素对分离效率的影响．结果表明,采用ＬＭＡ－１（３ｇ／１００ｍｌ煤油）、ＴＯＡ（２ｍｌ／１００ｍｌ煤油）和１０％ＮａＯＨ的液膜时,分离效率可达６０％以上;油相多次重复使用时,其分离效率基本不变．     

土壤相对表观极性及其对有机污染物吸附的影响

以干土壤做气相色谱固定相,用测定气相色谱固定液相对极性的方法,测定了广州、四川云阳、太原、乌鲁木齐等地区的６种土壤相对表观极性（SRP）,及其基本性质。结果表明：ＳＲＰ（ｙ）与土壤有机质含量（x₁）、［O＋N］含量（x₂）呈正相关,与粘粒（＜0.01mm）含量（x₃）呈负相关,其关系式为y＝54.2705+17.7698x1+0.1834x₂-0.2014x₃,相关系数γ分别为0.9980、0.9463、-0.8792（n＝6,p<0.05）;随着SRP值的增加,萘和硝基苯的有机质吸附系数K_(om)下降。     

腐植酸氯化过程中氯仿生成的基础研究

为了研究用氯消毒饮用水过程中产生氯仿等致癌性副产物,进行了采用低分子量腐植酸与次氯酸钠反应生成氯仿的实验,结果表明,在次氯钠浓度,ｐＨ和温度一定的条件,氯仿产量随腐植酸浓度的增大而增加,ｐＨ在７．３－９内,氯仿生成速度最快,ｐＨ大于９时,氯仿生成速率随ｐＨ的升高而下降,氯仿生成量与温度呈正相关关系,腐植酸氯化成氯仿的反应活化能国５１．８ＫＪ,因此设法降低原水中腐植酸含量量降低氯仿含量的有效方法。     

外加气体对等离子体降解CF2ClBr的影响

用等离子体处理难降解大气污染是近国内外产活跃的领域,选用化学方法难解的ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ为对象,研究了Ｈｅ,Ｎ２,Ｏ２及空气对等离子体降解ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ的影响,实现了ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ的常压降解,外加气体为Ｈｅ,Ｎ２时ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ的降解情况与纯ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ的降解基本相同,外加气体为Ｏ２,空气时的主要降解产物为ＣＦ２Ｏ,Ｂｒ２,Ｃｌ２,外加气体对降糖的影响大小Ｈｅ〈Ｎ２〈Ｏ２空气。     

乳化液膜法处理含氨基J酸工业废水中破乳的实验研究

针对当前乳化液膜法中关键步骤—破乳进行了实验性研究。对于煤油—LMA－1—NaOH膜体系,研究了化学法和交流低电压电破乳的可行性,重点研究了电破乳的方法及温度、液膜体系及电场强度对破乳的影响。结果表明：对本实验的膜体系,化学法破乳效果不佳,而低电压破乳效果较好,破乳后的LMA－1油相可重复使用,具有良好的工业化应用前景。     

介质阻挡放电降解环境污染物CF2ClBr的等离子体系电子密度

在利用介质阻挡放电对污染物质ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ进行等离子体降解产物分析的基础上,进一步研究等离子体系中的电子密度。采用动态反应装置,以平行板电极法直接测量。在ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ的压力为２ｋＰａ时,得出该实验条件下的电子密度约为５．０×１０＾１３／ｍ＾３。     

MSWNet: A visual deep machine learning method adopting transfer learning based upon ResNet 50 for municipal solid waste sorting

● MSWNet was proposed to classify municipal solid waste. ● Transfer learning could promote the performance of MSWNet. ● Cyclical learning rate was adopted to quickly tune hyperparameters. An intelligent and efficient methodology is needed owning to the continuous increase of global municipal solid waste (MSW). This is because the common methods of manual and semi-mechanical screenings not only consume large amount of manpower and material resources but also accelerate virus community transmission. As the categories of MSW are diverse considering their compositions, chemical reactions, and processing procedures, etc., resulting in low efficiencies in MSW sorting using the traditional methods. Deep machine learning can help MSW sorting becoming into a smarter and more efficient mode. This study for the first time applied MSWNet in MSW sorting, a ResNet-50 with transfer learning. The method of cyclical learning rate was taken to avoid blind finding, and tests were repeated until accidentally encountering a good value. Measures of visualization were also considered to make the MSWNet model more transparent and accountable. Results showed transfer learning enhanced the efficiency of training time (from 741 s to 598.5 s), and improved the accuracy of recognition performance (from 88.50% to 93.50%); MSWNet showed a better performance in MSW classsification in terms of sensitivity (93.50%), precision (93.40%), F1-score (93.40%), accuracy (93.50%) and AUC (92.00%). The findings of this study can be taken as a reference for building the model MSW classification by deep learning, quantifying a suitable learning rate, and changing the data from high dimensions to two dimensions.     

A method to extract algae toxin of microcystin-LR

A simple and low-cost method to obtain cyanobacterial toxin microcystin-LR(MC-LR) was developed. A new strain of Microcystis aeruginosa,named DC-1, producing microcystin-LR but not microcystin-RR, was separated from the field blooming algae samples of Dianchi Lake.in southwest of China. Following three times‘freeze and thaw treatment, the cultivated DC-cells were extracted with 40% methanol in water.The extract was centrifuged and the supernatant applied to a Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance(HLB) SPE cartridge.Eluted impuries with a certain gradient from 30% to 50% methanol in water, MC-LR was finally eluted from the HLB cartridge with 60%.may be used in adsorption and biodegradation experiments instead of using expensive standard reagents.     

高砷煤矿废水灌溉区土壤砷的分布特征探究

通过对贵州兴仁县交乐村高砷煤矿废水灌溉区土壤总砷的分布特征进行研究。文章对土壤总砷、pH值及有机质含量进行了分析,结果表明,污灌区土壤砷的含量最高达237.55mg/kg,最低为24.20mg/kg,平均As含量为85.62mg/kg,均高于世界、中国及贵州黄壤中的平均水平;pH平均值为5.12,属酸性土壤;有机质含量普遍偏高;高砷煤矿废水灌溉导致了灌区土壤中砷的累积。灌溉方式影响了土壤中砷的迁移与分布情况,土壤中砷的含量,随着与灌溉水源距离的增加而急剧降低。研究区土壤中砷的迁移较缓慢,但有向下游逐渐扩散的趋势。土壤总砷含量受到了pH值和有机质影响,但与两者的相关性并不明显。