中国大气酸沉降与土壤酸化问题

我国对大气酸沉降的研究起自７０年代末．以酸雨研究占主导地位。我国酸雨现象区域性、发展性强，在地理上以南方酸性土壤地区为主，在成分上以硫酸盐型酸雨为主；无论是酸度还是频率，酸雨都是极严重的生态环境问题。酸沉降已对农、林生态系统生产产生了严重的破坏效应，但其累积性的环境化学反馈却未引起人们的足够重视。我国酸雨地区以强酸性富铝土壤为主，对大气酸沉降有较大的敏感性。应用β指标还表明，酸沉降可使南方主要土壤因酸化而在３０—６０年内降低ｐＨ一个单位。近年来对酸沉降诱发的土壤酸化研究以模拟降水的土柱试验为主，从ｐＨ下降、盐基淋出、Ａｌ及重金属移动等方面来提示出酸沉降可能对土壤产生的化学影响。但作为过程化学研究，其案例监测研究的报道尚很少。对于南方严重的酸雨现象，应加强实地动态监测和过程分析，注重Ａｌ化学及其对环境的反馈，将酸沉降对生态系统的破坏提高到生态毒理机制上。     

气溶胶中多环芳烃光降解的初步研究

本文以大容量空气脱悬浮微粒采样器采集了大气中的气溶胶样品,以石英滤膜为载体,研究了气溶胶中的多环芳烃在紫外光照下的光降解规律。     

高效氧化偶合絮凝法强化处理受污染湖水的研究

为了研究高效氯化偶合絮凝剂对有机物含量较高原水的应用效果．进行了氧化偶合絮凝法强化处理受污染湖水的试验研究．并对其作用机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明．高效氧化偶合絮凝法对COD，SS，NH3^-N和TP均有良好的去除效果．在最佳条件下,去除率分别高达85％、95％、87％和96％．出水COD，SS，NH3^-N和TP的平均浓度分别为5.8、1.4、1.6和0.9mg／L。作用机理分析表明．氯化偶合絮凝剂在处理过程中充分利用氧化絮凝协同作用．对胶体性物质和溶解性物质均有较好去除效果。     

Zn2+ loading as a critical contributor to the circ_0008553-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation in response to PM2.5 exposures

Inflammation is a major adverse outcome induced by inhaled particulate matter with a diameter of ≤ 2.5 µm (PM_2.5), and a critical trigger of most PM_2.5 exposure-associated diseases. However, the key molecular events regulating the PM_2.5-induced airway inflammation are yet to be elucidated. Considering the critical role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in regulating inflammation, we predicted 11 circRNAs that may be involved in the PM_2.5-induced airway inflammation using three previously reported miRNAs through the starBase website. A novel circRNA circ_0008553 was identified to be responsible for the PM_2.5-activated inflammatory response in human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) via inducing oxidative stress. Using a combinatorial model PM_2.5 library, we found that the synergistic effect of the insoluble core and loaded Zn²⁺ ions at environmentally relevant concentrations was the major contributor to the upregulation of circ_0008553 and subsequent induction of oxidative stress and inflammation in response to PM_2.5 exposures. Our findings provided new insight into the intervention of PM_2.5-induced adverse outcomes.     

酸改性纳米TiO_2降解模拟污染物的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了酸改性纳米二氧化钛,并用XRD、UV-vis等测定技术对所制得的粉体试样进行了表征,同时以甲基橙为模拟污染物,评价了改性后纳米二氧化钛的光催化性能,发现其光催化活性大大高于未改性二氧化钛粉体。并从酸改性的样品中筛选出了光催化活性最好的粉体,以光催化降解苯酚为模型反应,确立了降解的最优条件。     

秦皇岛海域船舶防污预控体系的建立及实施

河北海事局辖区内有举世闻名的北戴河海滨 ,做好船舶防污染工作具有非常重要的意义。多年来 ,该局探索建立起一个覆盖法规建设、通航环境治理、船舶检查、船员管理、危险货物码头监管及溢油应急防污预控体系 ,取得了良好的成效。     

大气环境中OH自由基测定

采用自旋捕集技术和电子自旋共振法结合测定大气环境中ＯＨ自由基，首先用自旋捕集剂将ＯＨ自由基捕集，生成比较稳定的自然旋加合物，，然后带回实验室处理测定，该法为开展大气光化学研究提供了一种采样方便，利于实测的方法，据３个采样点的实测结果表明，相对误差约为３５％，比文献所示结果略大。     

废水生物处理技术研究进展

分析了废水生物处理的特点和废水生物处理反应器的发展概况，对废水生物处理技术的新进展作了简要的介绍，并列举了一些典型例子。     

Experimental study on combustion characteristics of municipal solid waste

As incineration provides a relatively safe means of disposal, significant reduclaon ot welglat anti volume, ana energy recovery from the waste, it was adopted by many countries. For the experimental investigation on the combustion characteristics of municipal solid waste( MSW),a lab scale fluldized bed facility was constructed. Many kinds of combustion runs were conducted in this fluidized bed combustion facility. The examined parameters were bed temperature(773 to 1143K), form of fuels ( scrap or whole), moisture of fuels and so on. Concentration of CO2,CO,SO2, O2 and NOx in the flue gas were monitored and recorded every 5 seconds. The temperatttres along the reactor are recorded every 10 seconds. Experimental. results were given and analyzed.     

汕头港湾附近水域潮流特征和污染物扩散的数值计算 Ⅱ.汕头港湾附近水域污染物的扩散数值模拟

本文在对汕头港湾附近水域的潮流特征进行数值模拟并获得了潮流和余流场分布信息的基础上，通过特定排放源的数值模拟，研究了该水域污染扩散条件及输运规律。