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421.
介绍了过程安全管理关键要素"测量和指标"的主要内容,探讨了过程安全绩效指标的重要性、原理、分级、设置和用途,并以变更管理为例列举了过程安全绩效指标示例,为过程安全绩效指标设置提供借鉴。 相似文献
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423.
以某污水处理厂运行4年多的旧盘式曝气器和同型号的新盘式曝气器为试验对象,对其氧转移速率进行了对比试验,结果表明新旧曝气盘氧转移速率均明显分为两个阶段,运行了4年的旧曝气盘微孔数量减少、微孔孔径增大、气泡数量减少、气泡尺寸增大,氧转移速率比新曝气盘降低了29.2%。因此,污水处理厂在日常运行管理中要做好曝气器的保养工作,及时清洗更换破损、堵塞的曝气器避免能耗浪费。 相似文献
424.
我国《地表水环境质量标准》历次修订概要及启示 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对目前我国地表水环境质量标准制制修订现状,从水域功能划分、标准项目、标准限值等主要内容及发展历程进行回顾梳理;从健康风险管理角度出发,总结经验并对我国《地表水环境质量标准》制修订工作提出建议。 相似文献
425.
青岛大气中HNO3、HNO2、NH3及PM2.5中氮组分的浓度特征和气-粒平衡关系 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究PM2.5中NO-3、NO-2、NH+4及其气态前体物HNO3、HNO2、NH3的浓度特征和气-粒平衡关系,对深入认识PM2.5的来源及控制因素具有重要意义.因此,本文利用2012年6—7月在青岛采集的denuder和PM2.5大气样品,分析了其中气态和颗粒态氮组分的浓度.结果发现,青岛大气中HNO3、HNO2和NH3浓度分别为(0.80±0.79)μg·m-3、(0.49±0.59)μg·m-3和(4.71±4.03)μg·m-3,PM2.5中NO-3、NO-2和NH+4的浓度分别为(7.50±9.00)μg·m-3、(0.07±0.02)μg·m-3和(8.23±5.57)μg·m-3.HNO3气体浓度的昼夜变化具有统计意义上的显著差异,白天平均为1.16μg·m-3,高于夜晚的0.44μg·m-3,但其他氮组分无显著昼夜差异.观测期间,青岛大气为富氨环境,PM2.5中NH+4主要以(NH4)2SO4的形式存在,NO-3生成主要受HNO3的限制.利用ISORROPIA II热力学平衡模型探讨了青岛PM2.5中氮组分的控制因子,通过敏感性实验发现,颗粒态NO-3和NH+4分别对总HNO3(TN)和总H2SO4(TS)的变化响应敏感,而对总NH3(TA)的变化响应不敏感,这暗示了减少大气中TN和TS而不是TA对降低青岛PM2.5浓度更有效. 相似文献
426.
We fabricated and characterized two hybrid adsorbents originated from hydrated ferric oxides(HFOs) using a polymeric anion exchanger D201 and calcite as host. The resultant adsorbents(denoted as HFO-201 and IOCCS) were employed for Sb(V) removal from water. Increasing solution pH from 3 to 9 apparently weakened Sb(V) removal by both composites, while increasing temperature from 293 to 313 K only improved Sb(V) uptake by IOCCS. HFO-201 exhibited much higher capacity for Sb(V) than for IOCCS in the absence of other anions in solution. Increasing ionic strength from 0.01 to 0.1 mol/L NaNO3would result in a significant drop of the capacity of HFO-201 in the studied pH ranges; however, negligible effect was observed for IOCCS under similar conditions. Similarly, the competing chloride and sulfate pose more negative effect on Sb(V) adsorption by HFO-201 than by IOCCS, and the presence of silicate greatly decreased their adsorption simultaneously, while calcium ions were found to promote the adsorption of both adsorbents. XPS analysis further demonstrated that preferable Sb(V) adsorption by both hybrids was attributed to the inner sphere complexation of Sb(V) and HFO, and Ca(II) induced adsorption enhancement possibly resulted from the formation of HFO-Ca-Sb complexes. Column adsorption runs proved that Sb(V) in the synthetic water could be effectively removed from 30 μg/L to below 5 μg/L(the drinking water standard regulated by China), and the effective treatable volume of IOCCS was around 6 times as that of HFO-201, implying that HFO coatings onto calcite might be a more effective approach than immobilization inside D201. 相似文献
427.
Soil organic carbon decomposition and carbon pools in temperate and sub-tropical forests in China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yang L Pan J Shao Y Chen JM Ju WM Shi X Yuan S 《Journal of environmental management》2007,85(3):690-695
Decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC) is a critical component of the global carbon cycle, and accurate estimates of SOC decomposition are important for forest carbon modeling and ultimately for decision making relative to carbon sequestration and mitigation of global climate change. We determined the major pools of SOC in four sites representing major forest types in China: temperate forests at Changbai Mountain (CBM) and Qilian Mountain (QLM), and sub-tropical forests at Yujiang (YJ) and Liping (LP) counties. A 90-day laboratory incubation was conducted to measure CO(2) evolution from forest soils from each site, and data from the incubation study were fitted to a three-pool first-order model that separated mineralizable soil organic carbon into active (C(a)), slow (C(s)) and resistant (C(r)) carbon pools. Results indicate that: (1) the rate of SOC decomposition in the sub-tropical zone was faster than that in the temperature zone, (2) The C(a) pool comprised approximately 1-3% of SOC with an average mean residence time (MRT) of 219 days. The C(s) pool comprised approximately 25-65% with an average MRT of 78 yr. The C(r) pool accounted for approximately 35-80% of SOC, (3) The YJ site in the sub-tropical zone had the greatest C(a) pool and the lowest MRT, while the QLM in the temperature zone had the greatest MRT for both the C(a) and C(s) pools. The results suggest a higher capacity for long-term C sequestration as SOC in temperature forests than in sub-tropical forests. 相似文献
428.
The integrated terrestrial ecosystem C-budget model (InTEC) developed by Chen and co-workers has been used successfully to predict carbon dynamics of forests in Canada. It was tested here for forest soil organic carbon (SOC) density of China's northern temperate zone and southern subtropical zone. The results show that the simulated SOC density is highly correlated and in broad agreement with observations in Liping and in Changbaishan, representing the southern subtropical zone and the northern temperate zone in China, respectively. SOC density ranged from 2.2 to 11.2 kg/m(2) in Liping and from 3.4 to 14.8 kg/m(2) in Changbaishan. The correlation coefficients (r(2)) are 0.63 (N=16) and 0.76 (N=14) between the simulated and measured data in Liping and Changbaishan, respectively. The SOC densities under different vegetation types in Liping decrease in the order of mixed forest, broadleaf forest, Chinese fir, couch grass, and Chinese redpine, and in Changbaishan in the order of mixed forest, silver fir, larch forest, and birch forest. 相似文献
429.
430.
燃煤锅炉NID脱硫系统的设计与应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了新型一体化NID半干法脱硫系统的工艺原理、NID技术特点、系统组成、设计参数和运行情况. 相似文献