入库支流对贵州阿哈水库水体Fe和Mn的贡献率分析

游鱼河为贵州省阿哈湖水库典型煤矿酸性废水汇入支流,通过对游鱼河6月和8月分别连续24h的现场物理化学参数测试和样品实测分析,从水库水质安全方面探讨游鱼河铁、锰的变化特征及对水库水体铁、锰的贡献率.结果显示,游鱼河流域煤矿酸性废水通过投加石灰处理,pH值提高,符合排放要求,HCO3-碱度也有所增加,使水体具备一定缓冲性能.而SO42-质量浓度高于国家地表水环境质量标准,除6月铁符合标准,锰的超标率达到91.7％,8月铁、锰超标率分别为87.5％和100％.游鱼河入库水体中铁、锰按平均质量浓度分别为0.65 mg/L和0.98mg/L,每年进入阿哈湖水库中溶解态铁、锰分别为23.57 t和35.54 t,铁、锰来源与外来补水中铁、锰浓度及河流底泥中铁、锰释放有很大关系.     

以壳聚糖微球为载体的固定化乙酰胆碱酯酶的基本性质

为探讨以壳聚糖微球为载体制备的固定化乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）用于监测海水有机磷农药的可行性,研究了固定化酶在海水中的基本性质,如环境适应性、动力学性质、稳定性、对农药响应规律等.结果表明,与溶液酶相比,固定化酶对海水温度、盐度、pH值等因素的适应能力提高;固定化酶分子构象的改变增加了酶与底物之间的空间障碍,米氏常数增加...     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the riverine and marine sediments of the Laizhou Bay area, North China

62 riverine and marine sediments were collected from the Laizhou Bay area, where the largest manufacturing base of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in Asia is located. Eight polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were analyzed to investigate the impact of rapidly-developed bromine industries on the regional aquatic system. PBDE concentrations varied largely in riverine sediments. Σ(7)PBDEs (including BDE 28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154 and 183) and BDE 209 ranged from 0.01 to 53 ng g(-1) dw and from 0.74 to 285 ng g(-1) dw with a mean value of 4.5 ng g(-1) dw and 54 ng g(-1) dw, respectively, indicating a strong influence of direct pollution discharges from local factories. In marine sediments, Σ(7)PBDEs and BDE 209 ranged from not detected (nd) to 0.66 ng g(-1) dw and from 0.66 to 12 ng g(-1) dw with a mean value of 0.32 ng g(-1) dw and 5.1 ng g(-1) dw, respectively. PBDE concentrations were mostly <10 ng g(-1) dw for Σ(7)PBDEs and <50 ng g(-1) dw for BDE 209, which are at a relatively low level for monitored riverine and coastal sediments around the world. Even at the most contaminated sites in Laizhou Bay area, PBDE concentrations were not among the highest concentrations reported in the literature. Congener compositions were dominated by BDE 209 (57.2-99.9% of the sum of BDE congeners), with minor contributions from penta- and octa-BDE products. Tri- to octa-BDE congeners were well correlated among each other (r > 0.75) and thus sources from similar mixing of penta- and octa-BDE products were suggested in this area. Compared with riverine sediments, a much better correlation between PBDE concentrations with TOC was observed in marine environment. The congener pattern changed and their correlation coefficients among each other were remarkably reduced. Contributions of BDE 28, 47 and 99 to Σ(7)PBDEs were generally the same in almost all the marine sites, while it was distinctively higher for BDE 153. These are probably attributable to several reasons, such as contributions by atmospheric deposition and/or redistribution between particles of various sizes during and/or after fluvial transportation combined with the difference of physiochemical properties of BDE congeners.     

水解酸化-两级接触氧化工艺在啤酒废水处理中的应用

啤酒废水具有有机物含量高、悬浮物浓度高、温度高、 pH 值变化大及可生化性较好等特点,生化处理成为国内外啤酒废水处理的主要工艺。公司采用“水解酸化-两级生物接触氧化”工艺对啤酒废水进行处理,运行结果表明,废水pH在8～9, SS、 CODCr、 NH3-N平均浓度分别为710 mg/L、1910 mg/L、49 mg/L时,处理后出水pH在6.5～8.5, SS、 CODCr、NH3-N平均浓度分别为52 mg/L、70 mg/L、11 mg/L, SS、 CODCr、 NH3-N平均去除率分别为93％、96％、77％,满足啤酒废水排放标准的要求。该工艺对废水具有较好的适应性。     

β-环糊精与聚丙烯酰胺的接枝化合物及其对水中污染物的絮凝作用

合成了聚丙烯酰胺与环糊精的接枝化合物，研究了该接枝化合物对模拟水样中污染物的去除能力。试验结果表明，β-环糊精和聚丙烯酰胺的接枝化合物与聚丙烯酰胺相比，对重金属离子Cu^2 、Zn^2 、Cd^2 、Pb^2 ，苯酚和苯胺的去除能力皆有一定的提高。     

火工烟火职业事故特点及防范研究

火工烟火职业历来把安全工作放在日常工作的首位。然而安全工作不应该只局限在监督检查的陈规旧套之中，而应赋于它更科学更积极的内涵、本文通过对火工烟火系统危险性及其职业事故特点的分析，提出了可由计算机管理的控制安全的平台滚珠模型理论，强调了操作者的心理素质对安全工作的重要影响和作用。     

水杉母树管理站土壤重金属污染分析与评价

通过对湖北利川水杉母树管理站土壤中Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn五种重金属含量进行测定,采用地积累指数法及潜在生态危害指数法分别评价其污染水平,结果表明水杉母树管理站的土壤重金属具有污染。地积累指数法得出Cd受到中等程度的污染,Igeo分级为2级,其他四种重金属无污染。生态危害指数法得出单一金属潜在生态风险系数上Cd的已经可观,其他四种金属为低,多金属潜在生态风险指数提示已经达到中等。     

四斗朱水库蓝藻水华爆发成因分析及治理对策研究

作为饮用水源的小型水库四斗朱连续几年在早春即开始爆发严重束丝藻水华（属于蓝藻）。水质分析发现,四斗朱水库的水质参数如总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、氨氮（NH4^＋-N）以及BOD和COD浓度并不高,但明显高于其上游的石门塘水库,这说明在四斗朱水库的集水区存在污染源。本文分析了在低营养盐浓度情况下四斗朱水库蓝藻水华爆发的原因,认为由于集水区内的农业、生活、水土淋失以及自然沉降等途径导致水库营养浓度升高。并由于未知营养、气温回升以及水库生态系统失衡等因素,导致蓝藻水华暴发。最后,提出了相应的综合治理对策。