某典型废弃硫酸场地土壤重金属污染特征与评价

硫酸生产场地可能存在严重的土壤重金属污染,调查并分析硫酸场地土壤重金属污染及迁移规律是其安全利用的基础.本研究以某废弃硫酸场地为例,采集0-3 m深度范围的土壤样品,测定其中的Pb、Cd、Cu、Ni、As、Hg含量,分析重金属的空间分布特征、来源及迁移行为,并对其进行内梅罗综合污染指数和潜在生态风险指数评价.结果 表明...     

舍铁固废千法生产氧化铁红新工艺技术研究

针对冶金企业在生产过程中发生的含铁尘泥,提出了与之相适应的处理新工艺。利用部分种类的尘泥成功制取了符合磁性材料行业要求的氧化铁红,并广泛应用于磁材预烧料企业,从而为含铁尘泥的综合利用提供了新的思路和有效途径。     

粉煤灰处理印染废水新方法的探讨

研究粉煤灰处理印染废水方法,包括粉状粉煤灰直接吸附处理印染废水和颗粒粉煤灰处理印染废水,并且与颗粒活性炭处理印染废水进行对比试验。粉状粉煤灰处理后印染废水COD和色度都达到了GB4287-92《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》的一级排放标准,其中COD达DB21/1627-2008《辽宁省污水综合排放标准》。颗粒粉煤灰处理后的印染废水达GB4287-92的一级排放标准,但未达到DB21/1627-2008排放标准。在试验条件接近或相同的情况下,粉煤灰对COD值和色度值的处理效果均优于颗粒活性炭。     

南京市不同功能城区土壤中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd的污染特征

将南京城市建成区分为矿冶区、开发区、商业区、城市广场、风景区、老居民区等6大功能区,选择采集土壤样本56个,用原子吸收光谱仪选择分析了土壤中重金属元素的全量和活性形态含量.结果表明,南京城市土壤中Pb、Cu、Zn和Cd的总量分别为:117.1±103.7mg·kg^-1,39.86±39.9mg·kg^-1,273.3±131.6mg·kg^-1和1.13±0.7mg·kg^-1.矿冶区、老居民区、商业区、新开发区、城市广场和风景区的内梅罗重金属综合污染指数分别为:5.4、4.9、3.4、1.6、2.4和2.3.矿冶区以Pb、Cd的强度积累为特征,但活性形态的比重较小.而城市中心的居民区和商业区Zn的积累最显著,并且所测定的重金属的醋酸盐浸提态含量明显较高.除了风景区和城市市民广场外,城市中心区的重金属均表现出较明显的表聚性.城市活动区土壤Pb、Cd的强烈积累可能已经对人类健康构成了威胁.     

绿色有机电合成与可持续发展

综述了有机电合成的发展状况、基本原理及优点,阐述了有机电合成技术在实施“绿色化工”战略过程中的重要作用及主要应用领域,论述了有机电合成与可持续发展的关系。     

乳状液膜法处理含柠檬酸工业废水的研究

本文研究了以LMA-1为表面活性剂,正三辛胺为流动载体,Na_2CO_3溶液为内相试剂.煤油为膜溶剂所组成的液膜体系处理柠檬酸废水,考察了搅拌速度、表面活性剂种类和用量.载体用量、乳水比、油内比对废水中COD去除率的影响,结果表明:当LMA-1为3g·100ml~(-1)煤油,R_(?)=1:10,R_(?)=1:1.搅拌速度为300r·min~(-1)时.废水中COD的去除率可达99%.     

O(~1D)与CF_2CIBr的反应研究

本文研究了CF_2ClBr-O_3体系在253.7nm紫外光照下所引发的O(~1D)与CF_2ClBr的反应.O(~1D)与CF_2ClBr反应的最终产物为CF_2O,Cl_2,Br_2;实验中得到O(~1D)与CF_2ClBr的反应速率常数为1.01×10~(-10)cm~3·molecule~(-1)·s~(-1),并且对O(~3P)与CF_2ClBr的反应可能性以及 O(~1D)与CF_2ClBr的反应机理进行了讨论.     

上海市大气中HO2自由基的测定与特征

为研究上海市大气中ＨＯ２自由基的分布特征,建立了化学放大法测定ＨＯ２自由基系统,对上海市大气中ＨＯ２自由基浓度进行了没定邦等结果表明,ＨＯ２自由基的典型日变化基本上为双峰型,峰值出现在阳光辐射较强的中午时分,实验测得ＨＯ２自由基最大浓度达２．２４×１０＾８分子·ｃｍ＾－３,ＨＯ２自然基民ＮＭＨＣ,Ｃ烽Ｏ２等具有一定的相关性,ＨＯ２自由基的研究对于大气光化学烟雾的研究具有重要意义     

Adsorption behavior of imidacloprid pesticide on polar microplastics under environmental conditions: critical role of photo-aging

● Small molecular chains formed on photo-aged polylactic acid microplastics (MPs). ● Oxygen-containing functional groups generated on photo-aged polyamide MPs. ● Photo-aging has the opposite influence on the imidacloprid adsorption on two MPs. ● Electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds were the main mechanisms. ● High pH value and low ionic strength increase the adsorption capacity. The photo-aging behavior of microplastics (MPs) in natural environment has become a global concern. The ultraviolet radiation has enough energy to change the polymer structure and physical-chemical properties of MPs. Less attention has focused on the interactions of the photo-aged polar and biodegradable MPs with organic pollutants. This work investigated the structural properties of aged polar polyamide (PA) MPs and biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) MPs exposed to ultraviolet irradiation and their adsorption behavior and mechanism for neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid (IMI). The results showed that the MPs had extensive changes in surface morphology and chemical properties after photo-aging. The C–N bond of PA MPs was disrupted to form more carbonyl groups. The oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of aged PLA MPs were broken and generated relatively smaller molecules. The adsorption capacity of IMI on PA MPs decreased by 19.2 %, while the adsorption capacity of IMI on PLA MPs increased by 41.2 % after photo-aging. This depended on the natural structure of the MPs and their ability to absorb ultraviolet light. The electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals interactions, and polar-polar interactions were the main adsorption mechanisms of IMI on MPs. High initial solution pH and low ionic strength favored the adsorption of IMI by altering charge distribution on the MPs surface. The formation of the humic acid-IMI complexes decreased the concentration of IMI in the water phase and further decreased the adsorption on MPs. These results are enlightening for a scientific comprehension of the environmental behavior of the polar MPs.     

Photosensitivity sources of dissolved organic matter from wastewater treatment plants and their mediation effect on 17α-ethinylestradiol photodegradation

● EE2 photodegradation behavior in the presence of four WWTPs’ DOM was explored. ● The ³DOM* played a major role in the EE2 photodegradation mediated by WWTPs’ DOM. ● The A²/O process DOM contained more aromatic and oxygen-containing substances. ● Possible photosensitivity sources of DOM in the A²/O process were proposed. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) from each treatment process of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) contains abundant photosensitive substances, which could significantly affect the photodegradation of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2). Nevertheless, information about EE2 photodegradation behavior mediated by DOM from diverse WWTPs and the photosensitivity sources of such DOM are inadequate. This study explored the photodegradation behavior of EE2 mediated by four typical WWTPs’ DOM solutions and investigated the photosensitivity sources of DOM in the anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A²/O) process. The parallel factor analysis identified three varying fluorescing components of these DOM, tryptophan-like substances or protein-like substances, microbial humus-like substances, and humic-like components. The photodegradation rate constants of EE2 were positively associated with the humification degree of DOM (P < 0.05). The triplet state substances were responsible for the degradation of EE2. DOM extracted from the A²/O process, especially in the secondary treatment process had the fastest EE2 photodegradation rate compared to that of the other three processes. Four types of components (water-soluble organic matter (WSOM), extracellular polymeric substance, humic acid, and fulvic acid) were separated from the A²/O process DOM. WSOM had the highest promotion effect on EE2 photodegradation. Fulvic acid-like components and humic acid-like organic compounds in WSOM were speculated to be important photosensitivity substances that can generate triplet state substances. This research explored the physicochemical properties and photosensitive sources of DOM in WWTPs, and explained the fate of estrogens photodegradation in natural waters.