造粒流化床技术在洗车废水回用处理中的实验研究

利用造粒流化床技术进行了洗车废水回用处理的实验研究.考察了投药量、污泥床对出水浊度的影响。实验结果表明,使用聚合氯化铝(PAC)为凝聚剂,投加量为45mg/L,聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)为絮凝剂,投加量为3mg/L,搅拌速度为60r/min,水流速度8m/h的条件下,出水浊度小于2度,COD_(Cr)为28mg/L_(?)达到生活杂用水水质标准的要求。该装置运行状态稳定、污泥含水率低,无需浓缩设备,能满足连续处理和间歇处理的需要。     

三种经济植物对重金属吸收积累的研究

随着冶金工业的发展,我国大气中重金属污染日趋严重。防治方法,除必须采取的工业治理措施外,还应充分发挥绿色植物的自净作用。 绿色经济植物对大气中重金属的吸收和积累及在植物体内的分配规律,这方面研究目前在国内还不多见。我们选材经济植物的目的是为重金属污染地区寻找一条切实可行的生物防治途径,从而防止重金属污染的粮食、蔬菜、水果等通过食物链进入人体。     

组合式膜生物反应器处理高浓度氨氮废水

利用一体化膜生物反应器进行了高浓度氨氮废水硝化特性研究 .研究结果表明 ,当原水氨氮浓度为2 0 0 0mg/L、进水氨氮的容积负荷为 2 .0kg /(m3·d)时 ,氨氮的去除率可达 99%以上 ,系统比较稳定 .反应器内活性污泥的比硝化速率在半年的时间内基本稳定在 0 .3 6/d左右     

中国核电工业环境危害评价

利用所编排的健康危害评价计算程序包，在计入核电生产过程中燃料循环各环节中的辐射危害及工伤事故的伤亡后，计算给出目前中国核电工业的总健康危害约为３．０人．（ＧＷ．ａ）＾－１。由此说明，中国的核电工业是安全和清洁的工业。     

Role of amination of a polymeric adsorbent on phenol adsorption from aqueous solution

Adsorption of seven phenols, one aromatic carboxylic acid and one sulfonated aromatic acid from aqueous solution, by a hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent (CHA-111) and the derivative animated by dimethylamine was compared. The results of different adsorption isotherms indicated that amino group on the polymeric matrix played a significant role on adsorption of almost all the employed compounds. For most employed compounds adsorption capacities increase to different degree and significantly for those with lower value of pK(a). It may be attributed to the enhanced adsorbent-adsorbate interaction for amino group introduced on the polymeric matrix. The empirical Freundlich isotherm equation was employed to interpret the adsorbent-adsorbate interaction. The adsorption enthalpy change indicated the uptake of phenols on MCH-111 to be an enhanced physical adsorption because of the hydrogen-bonding interaction. Adsorption kinetic study of phenols on CHA-111 and MCH-111 was also conducted and amino group on the matrix will reduce the adsorption rate for change of pore size distribution and loss of macroprous volume as well as the hydration effect on the surface partly.     

利用复合酵母菌系统处理含油污泥

利用筛选得到的10株酵母菌组成复合酵母菌系统，并将该复合菌系统接种到泥浆反应器中对模拟油泥样品进行了处理。在对反应器进行优化的基础上，比较了复合酵母菌体系和经驯化的活性污泥体系对模拟风化油泥的处理效果，发现复合酵母菌在反应速度和油去除率上都优于活性污泥。利用GC—MS对复合酵母菌处理体亲中主要脂肪烃组分的变化进行了分析，结果表明原油组分中脂肪烃部分在处理8d后基本被完全降解。     

砷矿尾砂污染及其治理研究

调查了广东省连南瑶族自治县寨岗铁屎坪土法炼砷废墟及其周边砷污染状况.发现渗流水含砷高达43.72 mg/L,渗流水随雨水沿山坡、溪流流入下游,对周边的水体、土壤、农作物等造成严重污染.同时发现全缘凤尾蕨、龙船蕨、野苎麻、白芒草和接骨草是耐砷植物.模拟试验证实在炼砷废墟和高砷尾砂上种植这些植物可减少砷的迁移,且不致引起二次污染.1998年对铁屎坪土法炼砷废墟进行治理,经一年多跟踪观察,周边水体中砷含量从原来的约0.048 mg/L下降到0.001 06 mg/L.结果表明用植被治理尾砂的砷污染是一种价廉、有效的方法.     

高校实验室甲烷泄漏扩散过程的数值模拟

为分析高校实验室甲烷气瓶在泄漏后的危险性,基于计算流体力学(CFD)方法,以某高校实验室楼层为模型,使用Fluent软件模拟甲烷泄漏后的扩散过程,研究甲烷扩散规律,分析风速与通风条件对甲烷扩散的影响,判定甲烷危险爆炸区域.结果表明,甲烷流动受建筑结构影响显著,室内甲烷体积分数呈梯度分布,良好通风环境下的高风速对气体输送作用强,湍动能大,因而能快速降低甲烷体积分数,低风速条件下甲烷滞留在室内时间更久而易增加风险.甲烷气瓶发生泄漏时,爆炸区间主要集中在室内顶板,靠近泄漏点正上方的墙壁死角体积分数最高,并且气云在泄漏点同一侧的空间活动更多,相邻室内的甲烷旋流发生累积.最后针对模拟结果提出防控及应急措施,如危险化学品类气瓶的实验室选址、室内结构及监测装置的考虑等,并根据泄漏特性对撤离时的疏散路线给出建议.     

关于南方雨雪冰冻灾害应急机制的探讨

2008年初我国南方的雨雪冰冻灾害暴露出一系列灾害应急机制的问题。例如气象部门对灾害性天气预报的时效性、预警信息发布渠道和手段、政府在事件发生后对整个事件的调控、公众缺乏灾害防御的意识、科研引导对新出现的问题关注不够、一些公共领域管理缺位等加重了灾害的损失和影响。笔者认为政府部门应着重考虑：建立更完善的灾害预报系统,健全不同级别的快速反应体系,建立完备的应对灾害教育体系和完善灾害预警信息发布渠道,避免类似灾害的再次发生。     

Kinetics of radiocesium released from contaminated soil by fertilizer solutions

(137)Cs is one of the major artificial radionuclides found in environments; but the mechanisms behind fertilizer-induced (137)Cs desorption from soil remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the kinetics and mechanisms underlying the various cations and anions that cause Cs release from soil under acidic conditions. NH(4)H(2)PO(4) (1M), 0.5M (NH(4))(2)SO(4), 1M NH(4)Cl, 1M KCl or 1M NaCl solutions were added to (137)Cs-contaminated soil. The power function model well described the short term (137)Cs desorption with the solutions. The rate coefficients for (137)Cs release from soil in NH(4)H(2)PO(4), (NH(4))(2)SO(4), NH(4)Cl, and KCl solutions were 7.7, 7.3, 6.8, and 6.1 times higher than the rate observed in a NaCl solution, respectively. The NH(4)H(2)PO(4) and (NH(4))(2)SO(4) solutions induced significantly greater (137)Cs release from the contaminated soil than the NH(4)Cl, KCl and NaCl solutions. After four times repeated extractions with the fertilizer solutions, the total amount of (137)Cs extracted by (NH(4))(2)SO(4) and NH(4)Cl solutions reached equilibrium, while that extracted using an NH(4)H(2)PO(4) solution continued to increase. The combined effect of phosphate and protons was the major mechanism behind (137)Cs release from contaminated soils, when an NH(4)H(2)PO(4) solution was used.