龙舌兰科植物在室内装饰的应用

龙舌兰科植物形态化美、色彩丰富，是室内植物装饰的好材料。本文对进一步开展龙舌兰科植物在室内装饰的应用作了探讨。     

ACF表面化学官能团对影响脱硫性能的研究进展

活性炭纤维(ACF)作为第三代活性炭,是一种新型的高效吸附剂和催化剂。它具有独特的物理性能和化学性能,对烟气中的SO2具有很强的吸附和催化氧化作用,因此作为烟气脱硫方面极具前景的催化剂而受到人们的普遍关注。以聚丙烯腈基活性炭纤维(PAN-ACF)为代表,主要深入探讨了ACF表面化学官能团对脱硫性能的影响。     

原子吸收法测定土壤中铜锌铅镉

通过对几种消解体系的对比 ,选择出铅、镉最佳的消解方法为硝酸 氢氟酸 双氧水体系 ;铜锌最佳的消解方法为硝酸 氢氟酸 高氯酸体系。不同方法既能达到全量分析的要求 ,又能使基体干扰降到最小。通过对标准样品的多次测定 ,测定值均在其保证值范围内 ,铅镉相对标准偏差为 2 2 %～ 7 2 % ,加标回收率在 83%～ 116 %之间 ;铜锌相对标准偏差为 2 6 %～ 4 5 % ,加标回收率在 92 %～ 10 3%之间。     

水相中CCl4和CHCl3的紫外光解机理

利用瞬态吸收光谱技术研究水体污染物CCl₄和CHCl₃在紫外光照条件下的转化和归宿,表明在248nm激光作用下,CCl₄解离为CCl₃和Cl自由基;CHCl₃在此条件下不解离,但加入少量的苯后即发生明显解离,产生CHCl₂和Cl自由基.在有氧条件下,光解产生的CCl₃和CHCl₂自由基均与O₂反应分别生成CCl₃O₂和CHCl₂O₂;在无氧条件下,CCl₃和CHCl₂则发生偶合反应分别生成C₂Cl₆和C₂H₂Cl₄.本研究还得出了一些微观速率常数.     

稳定土技术在土路扬尘治理中的应用及展望

综合分析了稳定土技术用于土路扬尘污染治理的各种方法 ,在此基础上对该课题的研究及其发展提出了有关看法和建议。     

Uncertainty in future soil carbon trends at a central U.S. site under an ensemble of GCM scenario climates

This study uses DAYCENT model to investigate the sensitivity of soil organic carbon (SOC) at an intensely cultivated site in the U.S. Midwest under an ensemble of scenario climates predicted by IPCC models. The model ensemble includes three IPCC models (Canadian, French, German), three emission scenarios (B1, A1B, A2) and three time periods (late 20th, mid-21st, late 21st century). DAYCENT shows that SOC at the site would decline by 0.3-2.6 kg m⁻² (5-35%) depending on the models and scenarios from late 20th to mid-21st century despite a larger increase of future net primary production (NPP) than respiration. The future SOC decrease is mostly attributable to harvest loss. The wide spread in future SOC decline rates are in part because SOC decrease (by respiration) is directly proportional to SOC itself. Any uncertainty in absolute SOC in DAYCENT would translate directly into its trend, unlike other variables such as temperature whose trends are independent of their values themselves, contrasting the reliability of SOC trend with temperature change.     

Monocyclic and monoaromatic naphthenic acids: synthesis and characterisation

Characterisation of the complex mixtures of carboxylic acids (naphthenic acids) occurring in crude oils and in degraded oil sands is environmentally important. Indeed some acids in waters from oil platforms are apparently hormonally active, and the oil sands acids are said to be toxic to a wide range of biota. Previous attempts to identify monocyclic and monoaromatic naphthenic acids have been hampered by the lack of authenticated synthetic reference compounds. Some studies have indicated that acids with ethanoic acid side chains are present in the naphthenic acids mixtures, so in the present study, we synthesised and characterised by mass spectrometry, a range (C_8–14) of monoaromatic and monocyclic ethanoic acids. Using 2-D comprehensive gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, we then compared the retention times and mass spectra of the synthetic acids with those of a commercial naphthenic acids mixture. Some alicyclic and numerous aromatic acids were successfully identified.     

Spatial distribution,pollution characteristics,and health risks of antibiotic resistance genes in China: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - With the extensive production and use of antibiotics for medicinal and veterinary purposes, antibiotics and genes that code for antibiotic resistance are now...     

The non-target organism Caenorhabditis elegans withstands the impact of sulfamethoxazole

The widespread usage of antibiotics in agriculture leads to releases into the environment, but there is insufficient knowledge of the side-effects on non-target organisms. Therefore, we investigated the effects of the sulfonamide-antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) on Caenorhabditis elegans at phenotypic, biochemical and molecular biological levels. Multiple endpoints, including life history traits, thermal stress resistance and lipid peroxidation, as well as gene expression profiles, were determined after exposure of the nematodes to SMX. In contrast to expectations, SMX prolonged the lifespan and increased both the body size and pharynx pumping rate. On the other hand, SMX delayed reproductive timing and caused lipid peroxidation. The total number of offspring and thermal stress resistance were unaffected. The up-regulation of hsp-16.1 indicated stress in general and the increased lipid peroxidation oxidative stress in particular. This oxidative stress indicated that mitohormesis was the likely cause of the longevity and that enhanced pumping frequency was probably the reason for the increased growth. The sole adverse effect was delayed initial reproduction. This delay, however, can be crucial for r-strategists, such as the bacterivorous model animal used, in sustaining their populations in the environment in the presence of predators. Bacterivorous animals, in turn, are essential to maintaining nutrient recycling via the microbial loop.     

Resource-based cities (RBC): a road to sustainability

Resource-based cities (RBC) have made momentous contributions to urbanization in China. However, as natural resources are exhausted, RBC are facing an enormous challenge. In this paper we put forward a resource-based city sustainability index (RCSI) and a resource-based city coordination index (RCCI), including environmental, social, and economic dimensions, adopted three weight scenarios, and selected 13 cities for study. The results: (a) help locate the problems by analyzing both dimensions and indicators; (b) simulate the trends of how RBC emerged, grew, declined, and regenerated; (c) categorize RBC into four types by integrating RCSI and RCCI; (d) give policy makers a holistic and comprehensive perspective in the future urban regulation and management; and (e) highlight a road to sustainability.