巢湖南淝河河口底泥污染特征及疏浚决策

为了解巢湖南淝河河口区域底泥污染特征,为底泥疏浚提供决策依据,对该区域底泥中营养物、重金属含量及释放特征进行分析,并采用有机指数法、污染指数法及潜在生态风险评价对底泥的污染状况进行评估.结果表明,调查区域总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)以及有机质(OM)的均值为1 461 mg·kg-1、438 mg·kg-1和1.77％,...     

溶液中阴离子和腐殖酸对UV/H2O2降解2,4-二氯酚的影响

研究了UV/H2O2工艺对2,4-二氯酚(2,4-DCP)的去除效果和水中阴离子、腐殖酸对该工艺降解2,4-DCP的影响.结果表明:UV/H2O2工艺可以有效地去除水中2,4-DCP,光降解过程符合一级反应动力学模型;在H2O2投加量为8 mg/L、1个30 W低压汞灯照射下,2,4-DCP在蒸馏水和自来水中反应速率常数分别为0.023 2、0.016 2 min-1;NO-3、Cl-、HCO-3对2,4-DCP光降解有抑制作用,当3种阴离子摩尔浓度为0.5、10.0、20.0 mmol/L时,对2,4-DCP光降解的抑制程度为HCO-3＞NO-3＞Cl-;腐殖酸在低浓度时,促进光降解反应进行,在高浓度时,2,4-DCP的光降解受到抑制.自来水中的反应速率常数低于蒸馏水中的反应速率常数是由于水中多种阴离子和腐殖酸影响的结果.     

医疗废物无害化处置工艺设计

采取AB型热解两次焚烧(3T控制)和烟气净化处理新技术进行医疗废物无害化处置工艺设计,运行结果表明:该工艺技术能有效地处理医疗废物,具有无二次污染和社会、经济、环境效益好等优点,值得在实践中进一步推广应用。     

多组学技术应用于化学品风险评估的研究进展

随着进入到环境中的化学品种类和数量日益增加,化学品风险评估面临着越来越大的挑战.传统的化学品风险评估方法依赖于动物实验,无法对大量化学品的毒性进行高效检验与预测,并且缺少对机制的研究.多组学技术是多种高通量组学技术的联合应用,主要包括基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学等,可以更加快速、准确地分析化学品毒性,预测化...     

西南喀斯特地区典型矿渣中砷、锑的赋存形态及其潜在风险评价

针对西南喀斯特地区典型矿渣中砷、锑的赋存形态及其潜在风险的问题,采用Shiowatana连续提取法提取矿渣中的砷（As）、锑（Sb）,分析并揭示As、Sb的赋存特征;结合矿渣的基本理化性质和矿物组成特征,讨论矿渣堆中As、Sb的活动性及其关键影响因素;采用风险评价编码法（RAC）对矿渣中As、Sb的潜在生态风险进行相关评价.结果表明：矿渣中的As主要以铁铝结合态和残渣态的形式赋存;Sb主要以残渣态的形式赋存.As比Sb具有更高比例的铁铝结合态,而Sb比As具有更高比例的碳酸盐结合态.弱酸至近中性矿渣中,Sb的活动性强于As;酸性矿渣中,As的活动性强于Sb.矿渣中As、Sb的潜在风险以中-低风险为主,个别为高和极高风险.     

Biogeochemical transfer and dynamics of iodine in a soil–plant system

Radioactive iodide (¹²⁵I) is used as a tracer to investigate the fate and transport of iodine in soil under various leaching conditions as well as the dynamic transfer in a soil–plant (Chinese cabbage) system. Results show that both soils (the paddy soil and the sandy soil) exhibit strong retention capability, with the paddy soil being slightly stronger. Most iodine is retained by soils, especially in the top 10 cm, and the highest concentration occurs at the top most section of the soil columns. Leaching with 1–2 pore volume water does not change this pattern of vertical distributions. Early breakthrough and long tailing are two features observed in the leaching experiments. Because of the relatively low peak concentration, the early breakthrough is really not an environmental concern of contamination to groundwater. The long tailing implies that the retained iodine is undergoing slow but steady release and the soils can provide a low but stable level of mobile iodine after a short period. The enrichment factors of ¹²⁵I in different plant tissues are ranked as: root > stem > petiole > leaf, and the ¹²⁵I distribution in the young leaves is obviously higher than that in the old ones. The concentrations of ¹²⁵I in soil and Chinese cabbage can be simulated with a dual-chamber model very well. The biogeochemical behaviors of iodine in the soil-cabbage system show that cultivating iodized cabbage is an environmentally friendly and effective technique to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Planting vegetables such as cabbage on the ¹²⁹I-contaminated soil could be a good remediation technique worthy of consideration.     

Carbon Budget for Basic Needs:Implications of International Equity and Sustainability

The fundamental way of satisfying the basic needs of human development is to secure the basic needs,limit luxurious and wasteful emissions,and ensure the fulfillment of climate targets,so as to achieve intra-and intergenerational equity.In this paper,the author discusses and analyzes a series of challenges that the development has to face,such as poverty elimination,urbanization,and industrialization,and the problems of increased consumption that is brought about by the improvement of living standards;the author distinguishes the stock emission,which does not need annual updating,and the flow emission of regular consumption;the author also defines the standards of energy consumption and carbon emissions that can meet the basic needs.On this basis,the author proposes the concept and method of carbon budget,compares this method with other means,and in particular,studies and analyzes the implications of international equity and sustainability of carbon budget as part of the international climate regime design.     

The Concept and Theoretical Implications of Carbon Emissions Rights Based on Individual Equity

Climate change has become a hot topic in international environmental negotiations.For post-Kyoto international climate regime negotiations,many countries have proposed a variety of frameworks to share the emission reduction responsibilities and allocate carbon emission rights,and have tried to quantify the emission reduction obligations of all countries based on the perspectives of international equity and individual equity.In this paper,the authors have distinguished the concepts of carbon emissions rights based on these two perspectives respectively,have analyzed the relationship between carbon emissions per capita and economic development,and have calculated and compared the proportion of cumulative emissions per capita of different countries in history and future,and then authors conclude that emission reduction obligations should be allocated based on each country’s conditions,including historical emissions,development stage,and future demands.Developed countries should take the initiative to significantly reduce their emissions because they have already accomplished their industrialization process.However,developing countries are still in the process of industrialization,which requires more emission rights to meet their development needs.For China,the concept of carbon emissions based on individual equity can be used as a theoretical tool for the allocating the international carbon emissions rights.     

Methane–benzene binary mixture destruction in a reverse flow catalytic reactor

An experimental study of methane–benzene binary mixture purification in a bench-scale reverse flow reactor is carried out. Results for catalytic oxidation of the two hydrocarbons with remarkably discrepant chemical properties show that autothermal catalytic combustion of very lean combustible concentration can be achieved with periodic feed reversal. Benzene is well removed, but methane conversion is relatively low and mainly determined by the thermal level of the reactor. If methane is added as auxiliary fuel to maintain autothermal operation when the volatile organic compound (VOC) concentration in the contaminated air is too low, an excess amount is needed. The influences of gas superficial velocity, cycle period, and methane-to-benzene ratio are discussed. A mathematical model is developed and solved using a FORTRAN code, with good correspondence being observed between the two approaches. Results of experimental and numerical study indicate that, during catalytic oxidation of lean VOCs in reverse flow reactor, the mutual inhibition effect between different kinds of hydrocarbon can be neglected.     

Eld’s Deer Translocated to Human-Inhabited Areas Become Nocturnal

As human populations expand and nonhuman animals decline, understanding the interactions between people and wildlife is essential. For endangered species, appreciating the effect of human disturbance can be important for their conservation. However, a human disturbance angle is often absent from ecological research, despite growing evidence of the negative impact of nonfatal human interference. Here, we monitored Hainan Eld’s deer living within a reserve and translocated animals living amongst villagers. We show that translocated deer deviated from a crepuscular activity pattern and became increasingly nocturnal, and most active when villagers were not. It appears that translocated deer adapted over time to human disturbance and this pattern is similar to that of other species during periods of hunting. People do not pose an actual threat to Eld’s deer, but their presence triggered a response akin to predator avoidance and may be interfering with broader aspects of their biology and conservation.