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111.
Yuan Zhengqiu Yang Huizhi Xu Pan Li Chengfeng Jian Jian Zeng Jianxian Zeng Lingwei Sui Yuguang Zhou Hu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(6):6411-6421
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this work, various photocatalysts were synthesized with an impregnation-precipitation process to in situ decorate Ag-based nanoparticles (NPs,... 相似文献
112.
Bottom ash is the major by-product of municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI), and is often reused as an engineering material, such as road-base aggregate. However, some metals(especially aluminum) in bottom ash can react with water and generate gas that could cause expansion and failure of products containing the ash; these metals must be removed before the ash is utilized. The size distribution and the chemical speciation of metals in the bottom ash from two Chinese MSWI plants were examined in this study, and the recovery potential of metals from the ash was evaluated. The metal concentrations in these bottom ashes were lower than that generated in other developed countries. Specifically, the contents of Al,Fe, Cu and Zn were 18.9–29.2, 25.5–32.3, 0.7–1.0 and 1.6–2.5 g/kg, respectively. Moreover,44.9–57.0 wt.% of Al and 55.6–75.4 wt.% of Fe were distributed in bottom ash particles smaller than 5 mm. Similarly, 46.6–79.7 wt.% of Cu and 42.9–74.2 wt.% of Zn were concentrated in particles smaller than 3 mm. The Fe in the bottom ash mainly existed as hematite, and its chemical speciation was considered to limit the recovery efficiency of magnetic separation. 相似文献
113.
Pyridine, an important chemical raw material, is widely used in industry, for example in textiles,leather, printing, dyeing, etc. In this research, a dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) system was developed to remove pyridine, as a representative type of nitrogen heterocyclic compound in drinking water. First, the influence of the active species inhibitors tertiary butanol alcohol(TBA),HCO_3~-, and CO_3~(2-)on the degradation rate of pyridine was investigated to verify the existence of active species produced by the strong ionization discharge in the system. The intermediate and final products generated in the degradation process of pyridine were confirmed and analyzed through a series of analytical techniques, including liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry(LC–MS), high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), ion chromatography(IC), total organic carbon(TOC) analysis, ultraviolet(UV) spectroscopy, etc. The results showed that the degradation of pyridine was mainly due to the strong oxidizing power of ozone and hydroxyl radical produced by the DBD system. Several intermediate products including 3-hydroxyl pyridine, fumaric acid, 2, 3-dihydroxypyridine, and oxalic acid were detected. Nitrogen was removed from the pyridine molecule to form nitrate. Through analysis of the degradation mechanism of pyridine, the oxidation pathway was deduced. The study provided a theoretical and experimental basis for the application of DBD strong ionization discharge in treatment of nitrogen heterocyclic compounds in drinking water. 相似文献
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115.
以餐厨垃圾湿热处理脱出液为发酵培养基,选用圆褐固氮菌(Azotobacter chroococcum)作为实验菌种制作固氮液态菌肥。测定了圆褐固氮菌的主要生理特性,将其接种于餐厨湿热处理脱出液中进行培养,确定最佳发酵时间,并分别测定发酵的最佳初始p H值、接种量、培养温度、摇床转速、装液量、脱出液与水的混合比例。结果表明:圆褐固氮菌在餐厨湿热处理脱出液中最佳发酵时间为36 h,发酵最佳初始p H值、接种量、培养温度、摇床转速、装液量、脱出液与水的混合比例依次为7.5、1%、30℃、150 r/min、50 m L(250 m L锥形瓶)、1∶1。圆褐固氮菌在餐厨垃圾湿热处理脱出液中进行培养后,可达到液态菌肥的活菌数标准。 相似文献
116.
Ambient volatile organic compounds pollution in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xinmin Zhang Zhigang Xue Hong Li Li Yan Yuan Yang Yi Wang Jingchun Duan Lei Li Fahe Chai Miaomiao Cheng Weiqi Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(5):69-75
Owing to rapid economic and industrial development, China has been suffering from degraded air quality and visibility. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important precursors to the formation of ground-level ozone and hence photochemical smog. Some VOCs adversely affect human health. Therefore, VOCs have recently elicited public concern and given new impetus to scientific interest. China is now implementing a series of polices to control VOCs pollution. The key to formulating policy is understanding the ambient VOCs pollution status. This paper mainly analyzes the species, levels, sources, and spatial distributions of VOCs in ambient air. The results show that the concentrations of ambient VOCs in China are much higher than those of developed countries such as the United States and Japan, especial benzene, which exceeds available standards. At the same time, the ozone formation potential (OFP) and secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAFP) of various VOCs are calculated. Aromatics and alkenes have much higher OFPs, while aromatics have higher SOAFP. The OFPs of ambient VOCs in the cities of Beijing, Guangzhou and Changchun are very high, and the SOAFP of ambient VOCs in the cities of Hangzhou, Guangzhou and Changchun are higher. 相似文献
117.
Yunan Chen Yi Yang Bolong Xu Shunhao Wang Bin Li Juan M Jie Gao Yi Y. Zuo Sijin Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(12):100-114
Environmental exposure and health risk upon engineered nanomaterials are increasingly concerned. The family of mesoporous carbon nanomaterials(MCNs) is a rising star in nanotechnology for multidisciplinary research with versatile applications in electronics,energy and gas storage, and biomedicine. Meanwhile, there is mounting concern on their environmental health risks due to the growing production and usage of MCNs. The lung is the primary site for particle invasion under environmental exposure to nanomaterials. Here, we studied the comprehensive toxicological profile of MCNs in the lung under the scenario of moderate environmental exposure. It was found that at a low concentration of 10 μg/mL MCNs induced biophysical inhibition of natural pulmonary surfactant. Moreover, MCNs at similar concentrations reduced viability of J774 A.1 macrophages and lung epithelial A549 cells.Incubating with nature pulmonary surfactant effectively reduced the cytotoxicity of MCNs.Regarding the pro-inflammatory responses, MCNs activated macrophages in vitro, and stimulated lung inflammation in mice after inhalation exposure, associated with lung fibrosis.Moreover, we found that the size of MCNs played a significant role in regulating cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory potential of this nanomaterial. In general, larger MCNs induced more pronounced cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects than their smaller counterparts. Our results provided valuable information on the toxicological profile and environmental health risks of MCNs, and suggested that fine-tuning the size of MCNs could be a practical precautionary design strategy to increase safety and biocompatibility of this nanomaterial. 相似文献
118.
用恒波长同步荧光法检测了280±2 nm、300±2 nm、332±2 nm 3个特征波长下的22种原油和12种燃料油的荧光强度,并以此作为变量,建立了快速定量鉴别海上溢油的原油和燃料油的Logistic回归模型。Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检测值2.43小于15.51、其对应P值0.97大于0.05,说明建模数据的信息被充分提取和利用。风化前后油样的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分析显示该鉴别方法准确性较高,曲线下边面积(AUC)大于0.9,灵敏度和特异性大于0.85。用15种非建模油样对所建立的模型进行验证,计算结果与实际情况吻合度较高,鉴别正确率达93%。此外,该模型也适用于油种风化后的鉴别。 相似文献
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120.
针对应急物流突发性、非周期性和层次性的特点,提出应用层次任务网络(HTN)规划方法来求解复合型应急物流配送问题。为了使HTN规划能够快速地识别应急物流领域知识,设计了战术推理过程和操作优化过程,即战术推理过程通过逐层分析将配送任务目标细分,不断增加新参数对识别出的特征进行记录,并归类梳理应急物流需求;操作优化过程通过调度模型匹配选择配送方式和优化策略,得出具体的行动方案。在HTN规划器SHOP2的基础上开发了HTN规划方法的应用程序,用来求解荆江防洪中的应急物资配送问题,结果表明:该方法能够较好地实现应急物资配送中战术决策和操作决策的无缝对接,可扩展性好、响应速度快,具有良好的实用价值。 相似文献