河南省畜牧业走向强省的指标体系和发展战略

根据河南省畜牧业的现状,本文指出了河南省实现畜牧业朝强省迈进应达到的目标,并提出了实现这些目标应继续走好畜牧产业化之路的发展战略。     

钠基蒙脱土对亚甲基蓝的吸附和解吸研究

采用正交实验方法,确定了钠基蒙脱土吸附亚甲基蓝染料的最佳吸附条件.采用试剂再生法、超声波法、高温焙烧法、氢氧化钠—高温焙烧结合法对钠基蒙脱土吸附亚甲基蓝进行解吸.用扫描电子显微镜照片和红外光谱对吸附前后的钠基蒙脱土的结构进行表征.实验结果表明:在亚甲基蓝溶液pH为10、吸附温度为60℃、亚甲基蓝质量浓度为1 300 m...     

利用剩余活性污泥生产一次性可降解材料

为了缓解污水处理厂日益严重的污泥处置难题,实现剩余活性污泥的无害化、减量化、稳定化、资源化利用。采用SBR系统对剩余活性污泥进行10 d的驯化,加入4.0 g/L的乙酸钠作为发酵培养基碳源和前体物质,累积聚羟基烷酸酯(polyhydroxyalkanoates,PHA)。30℃好氧发酵10 h后,PHA积累达1 125 mg/L,占污泥浓度(MLSS)的质量分数为35.7%。然后经过离心、烘干、粉碎后模压成型加工成一次性使用的可生物降解材料。使用正交实验进行优化,结果表明:其最佳的物料配比和模压条件为:干污泥57%;稻草纤维20%;聚乙烯醇(PVA)19%;硬脂酸钡2%;氧化钙2%;最佳工艺条件为100℃,加热1.5 h,此时加工出来的产品具有最优的抗压强度和拉伸强度。以本方法制成的可生物降解花盆其所含细菌总数、粪大肠菌群、蛔虫卵死亡率均达到国标所规定的污泥农用生物安全要求;另外,试样中未检出病毒;其重金属含量也达到国标所规定的污泥农用标准;其可生物降解性能达到了可降解材料的要求。因而本研究制备的一次性使用可降解花盆具有较好的开发和应用价值。     

Evaluation of the RAMS continuous monitor for determination of PM2.5 mass including semi-volatile material in Philadelphia,PA

The real-time ambient mass sampler (RAMS) is a continuous monitor based on particle concentrator, denuder, drier, and tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) monitor technology. It is designed to measure PM2.5 mass, including the semi-volatile species NH4NO3 and semi-volatile organic material, but not to measure PM2.5 water content. The performance of the RAMS in an urban environment with high humidity was evaluated during the July 1999 NARSTO-Northeast Oxidant and Particles Study (NEOPS) intensive study at the Baxter water treatment plant in Philadelphia, PA. The results obtained with the RAMS were compared to mass measurements made with a TEOM monitor and to constructed mass obtained with a Particle Concentrator-Brigham Young University Organic Sampling System (PC-BOSS) sampler designed to determine the chemical composition of fine particles, including the semi-volatile species. An average of 28% of the fine particulate material present during the study was semi-volatile organic material lost from a filter during particle collection, and 1% was NH4NO3 that was also lost from the particles during sampling. The remaining mass was dominantly nonvolatile (NH4)2SO4 (31%) and organic material (37%), with minor amounts of soot, crustal material, and nonvolatile NH4NO3. Comparison of the RAMS and PC-BOSS results indicated that the RAMS correctly monitored for fine particulate mass, including the semivolatile material. In contrast, the heated filter of the TEOM monitor did not measure the semi-volatile material. The comparison of the RAMS and PC-BOSS data had a precision of +/-4.1 microg/m3 (+/-9.6%). The precision of the RAMS data was limited by the uncertainty in the blank correction for the reversible adsorption of water by the charcoal-impregnated cellulose sorbent filter of the RAMS monitor. The precision of the measurement of fine particulate components by the PC-BOSS was +/-6-8%.     

铜和镉对珠江天然仔鱼和幼鱼的毒性效应及其潜在生态风险

以静水实验法探讨珠江流域主要金属污染物铜和镉对当地天然仔鱼和幼鱼的急性毒性效应。结果显示,铜对西江赤眼鳟和鲴仔鱼(48 h)和广东鲂幼鱼(96 h)的LC50分别为0.066、0.055和0.10 mg·L-1,对应的安全浓度分别为0.006、0.010和0.010 mg·L-1;镉对赤眼鳟和鲴仔鱼(48 h)以及广东鲂幼鱼(96 h)的LC50分别为1.29、0.83和3.20 mg·L-1,对应的安全浓度分别为0.163、0.077和0.320 mg·L-1。其中,铜对上述受试鱼的安全浓度低于或接近我国《渔业水质标准》及《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅱ类水对铜的规定,而镉对这些受试鱼的安全浓度则高于相关标准对镉的规定。研究结果表明,珠江流域铜污染可能会对当地天然仔鱼、幼鱼群体的补充构成一定程度的威胁,但镉污染暂不会对该区域主要鱼类早期群体补充带来严重的生态风险。     

西南酸雨地区土壤中铝溶出规律的探讨

本文介绍了实验室动态模拟结果,对西南地区酸性沉降引起的土壤铝淋溶过程予以探讨。通过计算机推算拟合,提出了预测土壤中铝淋溶容量计算法。运用正交实验法,研究了近似于天然的动态过程中影响铝淋溶的主要因素及各因素间的相关性。得到了当降雨pH<6.0时,酸性土或弱酸性土中铝溶量和时间呈指数关系,以及影响铝溶出因素主要是酸雨的pH值、土壤的缓冲能力和环境温度等结论。     

基于Kaya方法的四个直辖市碳效率评价与比较

应用Kaya恒等式的计算方法对我国4个直辖市2005-2009年的碳效率进行了评价和比较分析,结果显示:4个直辖市碳效率的排序在2005-2009年间没有发生变化,4个城市的碳效率都处于上升态势。     

高浓度油田压裂废水降低CODCr的预处理方法

针对高浓度油田压裂废水黏度高、浊度大、含油量高等特点,强化预处理工艺,降低CODCr值。文章通过实验证明了强氧化剂(Fenton试剂)与混凝剂PAC+PAM相结合的工艺可有效降低高浓度含油废水CODCr值,进而通过Fenton试剂与混凝剂的投药量、pH值等因素对高浓度油田压裂废水的影响进行分析,得出采用该化学预处理方法出水水质清澈,可直接进入生化处理系统进行后续处理。     

Toxicity,residue, degradation and detection methods of the insecticide triazophos

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Organophosphorus pesticides were widely used in agricultural production and in public health as insecticides and acaricides. Triazophos, an organophosphorus...