流动注射催化光度法测定环境水样中的痕量亚硝酸根

基于在pH为2.7的一氯乙酸缓冲溶液中亚硝酸根对溴酸钾氧化亮绿具有催化作用,建立了测定环境水样中痕量亚硝酸根的流动注射催化光度法。在室温下,当溴酸钾浓度为0.15mol/L、亮绿溶液浓度为1.12×10-3mol/L时,该方法的线性范围为0.04～0.36mg/L,检出限为7.44×10-4mg/L,测定频率为60次/h,相对标准偏差为1.1%(n=11)。     

流动注射分光光度法测定水中铝的含量

以桑色素作显色剂,采用流动注射分光光度法测定水中铝的含量。在桑色素质量浓度为0．8g／L、聚氧乙烯辛基苯基醚体积分数为1．0％、进样环体积为400μL、检测波长420nm的条件下,采用流动注射分光光度法对水中铝的含量进行测定,本方法的线性范围为2～300μg／L,检出限（信噪比为3）为0．124μg／L,相对标准偏差为2．9％,加标回收率为96．4％～101．8％。     

两种表面活性剂对剩余污泥产酸影响的比较研究

在批式反应器中研究了常温下2种(两性和阳离子)表面活性剂对剩余污泥产酸的影响,结果表明,2种表面活性剂均能较大幅度地提高剩余污泥生产有机酸的产量.在污泥发酵的第4天,0.1g·g-1(表面活性剂与污泥干重比,下同)的两性和阳离子表面活性剂可分别使剩余污泥生产有机酸的浓度达到226.4和861.4 mg·L-1(以COD计,下同),而空白试验中生成的有机酸浓度仅为3.2 mg·L-1.同时,剩余污泥的有机酸产量随表面活性剂加入量的增加而增加.当表面活性剂的加入量低于0.2 g·g-1时,用两性表面活性剂处理的剩余污泥中有机酸浓度仅为用阳离子表面活性剂处理的剩余污泥中有机酸浓度的50%;当表面活性剂的加入量增至0.3 g·g-1时,两者的有机酸最大产量接近.此外,表面活性剂的种类和加入量对有机酸的组成分布也有一定的影响.     

维生素B1制药废水的铁炭微电解-混凝预处理工艺

针对维生素B1制药废水高有机物浓度、高悬浮物、色度高、难降解的特点,采用铁炭微电解-混凝工艺对其进行预处理,效果良好。铁炭微电解-混凝工艺的最佳运行条件为:进水pH值为4,铁炭比为1∶1,曝气量为0.2m3/h的情况下停留时间80min。出水CODCr浓度平均为1600mg/L,去除率约为79%,色度去除率为85%,出水达到了(GB8978-1996)二级排放标准。     

汶川8．0级地震后中江县水库震害调查与分析

汶川8.0级地震对四川省水库造成了严重的震害和巨大的经济损失.依据德阳市水库地震灾害的现场科学考察资料,对德阳市中江县19座高危险情以上的水库土石坝的震损现象做了初步总结和分析.这些震损水库基本上都建于1950-1980年代,未经抗震设计,典型震害现象包括水库坝顶中部及坝轴线两侧纵向裂缝、坝体纵横向裂缝、大坝沉陷、坝坡滑坡和护坡滑动、坝脚渗漏、水库泄水构筑物震损、防浪墙震裂等震害现象.这说明了对中小型水库土石坝进行抗震设防的必要性,今后应深入研究中小型水库土石坝的震害机制,以指导水库土石坝的抗震设计.     

无银催化-分光光度法测定COD的研究

以XS-LP为催化剂,探讨了改进的无银催化HACH法测定污水中COD的系列条件实验。结果表明:在药剂A,B的投配比为1∶2,投加总量为12 g/L的条件下,其准确度、精密度与国标法有较好的可比性,分别小于10%和3%;对实际废水的测量结果与国标回流法的相关系数分别高达0.9951和0.9874,可满足一般环境检测技术规范要求。     

活性艳蓝X-BR降解菌的筛选

从某印染厂废水排放出口的污泥中分离到一株活性艳蓝X-BR染料高效降解菌LPY68-14,经生理生化鉴定,该菌为埃希氏菌(Escherichia sp.).研究了影响菌株LPY68-14降解效果的因素,实验结果表明:在缺氧、质量分数为0.2%葡萄糖为外加碳源、温度37℃、接种量4 mL、pH 7的最佳条件下,质量浓度为30 mg/L的活性艳蓝X-BR经菌株LPY68-14处理24 h后的降解率可达80%;当活性艳蓝X-BR质量浓度为100～400 mg/L时,该菌处理48 h后的降解率可稳定在70%左右.     

Distribution,sources, and ecological risk assessment of SVOCs in surface sediments from Guan River Estuary,China

The contamination of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in the surface sediments of the Guan River Estuary, China was fully investigated. Total concentrations of 56 species of SVOCs ranged from 132 to 274 ng/g with an average of 186 ng/g (dry weight). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations were positively correlated with clay content and negatively correlated with sediment grain size. Source identification indicated that PAHs originated mainly from pyrolytic sources. However, intense ship traffic in the estuary may provide sources of petrogenic PAHs. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) mainly originated from direct input of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) during some industrial processes. The SVOC concentrations were also compared with International Sediments Quality Guidelines and Sediments Quality Criteria, and the results indicated that negative biological impacts may originate from high concentrations of FLO, p,p′-DDE, and total DDTs.     

Annual Nutritional Organ Mass Cycle of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bufo gargarizans</Emphasis> (Cantor, 1842) in Response to Extreme High Temperature

The annual relative mass of storage organs cycle of Bufo gargarizans in southwestern China was studied from December 2005 to November 2006. We described how those organs changed in response to extreme temperatures. Energy reservation dropped to the lowest levels after dormancy for both sexes, and then increased for period of 4.25 month. However, the mass of these organs dropped again rapidly until August (liver) and September (fat bodies) due to the constraint from extreme high temperature occurred during the summer, and then non-significantly increased before hibernation. For ovaries, varied with a different profile to those of liver and fat bodies have a resting period of four months. In addition, the toads’ ovaries kept growing when the mass of liver and fat bodies declining accordingly during hibernation. Therefore, ovarian mass increased during the hibernation and non-hibernation period.     

The fungicide difenoconazole alters mRNA expression levels of human CYP3A4 in HepG2 cells

The fungicide difenoconazole has been frequently detected in agricultural products, soils and surface waters, causing increasingly public concern due to toxicological properties. Although systemic triazole fungicides can inhibit the enzymatic activity of many CYP450 isozymes, how difenoconazole affects the human CYP3A4 still remains largely unknown. We thus investigated the effect of difenoconazole on normal mRNA expression and protein expression of human CYP3A4 by real-time quantitative PCR and western blot, respectively. Results show that the exposure to difenoconazole from 0.01 to 0.5 μM for 24 h down-regulates mRNA expression levels of human CYP3A4 in HepG2 cells. We also found that difenoconazole could inhibit the enzymatic activity of human CYP3A4 in a concentration-dependent mode. The IC₅₀ of difenoconazole for inhibition of CYP3A4 activity is 0.41 µM, showing a stronger inhibitor in comparison with ketoconazole. Overall, our findings indicate the potential risk of difenoconazole for the disruption of human CYP3A4.