响应面法优化聚丙烯酸/腐殖酸/累托石吸附剂的制备条件

以累托石、丙烯酸及腐殖酸为原料制备出能同时吸附重金属和多环芳烃的吸附剂聚丙烯酸/腐殖酸/累托石,采用响应面试验设计法优化吸附剂的制备条件。利用Design Expert软件,建立了预测吸附剂对Cd2+、菲吸附量的二次回归模型,对回归模型进行了方差分析,并确定了吸附剂的最佳制备条件。结果表明,二次回归模型能较好地模拟Cd2+、菲的吸附量与影响因子丙烯酸中和度、引发剂量和交联剂量之间的关系。各因子对Cd2+吸附量的影响次序为:交联剂量>引发剂量>丙烯酸中和度;对菲吸附量的影响次序为引发剂量>交联剂量>丙烯酸中和度。吸附剂的最佳制备条件为:累托石、丙烯酸和腐殖酸三者的质量比为65∶30∶5,丙烯酸中和度、引发剂量和交联剂量分别为75.16%、2.57%和0.44%。在此优化条件下制备的吸附剂对Cd2+和菲的吸附量分别为170.19 mg/g和7.36 mg/g。     

4种人工湿地基质对马拉硫磷的吸附特性

通过基质对马拉硫磷的等温吸附和吸附动力学实验,研究天然土壤、煤渣、沸石、砾石对马拉硫磷的吸附特性,为人工湿地处理含马拉硫磷废水提供理论依据.结果表明:马拉硫磷浓度为2.25 ～ 90 mg/L条件下,Langmuir和Freundlich方程均能较好地拟合4种基质对马拉硫磷的等温吸附过程,并且Freundlich方程的拟合效果要好于Langmuir方程.马拉硫磷的理论饱和吸附量大小依次为天然土壤(9.9304 mg/g)＞煤渣(1.6173 mg/g)＞沸石(0.6039 mg/g)＞砾石(0.3965 mg/g).4种基质对马拉硫磷的缓冲能力大小依次为天然土壤＞煤渣＞沸石＞砾石,即当进水马拉硫磷浓度波动较大时,作为湿地基质天然土壤使人工湿地系统维持稳定出水水质的能力最强.马拉硫磷浓度为4.5 mg/L条件下,吸附动力学模型Elovich方程能较好地拟合4种基质对马拉硫磷的吸附动力学特征,说明4种基质对马拉硫磷的吸附是表面吸附和内部扩散吸附共同作用的结果.因此,天然土壤和煤渣适宜作为处理含马拉硫磷废水的人工湿地基质.     

CNTs/TiO2/CS光降解苯的动力学

综合光催化氧化苯的动力学过程、光辐射场模型和质量守恒定律,采用平板型反应器建立了碳纳米管/二氧化钛/壳聚糖(CNTs/TiO2/CS)催化薄膜光催化氧化气相苯的数学模型;该模型考虑了光强、相对湿度、初始浓度与气体流速对气相苯光降解的影响。结果表明,建立的数学模型与实验结果吻合较好。     

钠基蒙脱土对亚甲基蓝的吸附和解吸研究

采用正交实验方法,确定了钠基蒙脱土吸附亚甲基蓝染料的最佳吸附条件.采用试剂再生法、超声波法、高温焙烧法、氢氧化钠—高温焙烧结合法对钠基蒙脱土吸附亚甲基蓝进行解吸.用扫描电子显微镜照片和红外光谱对吸附前后的钠基蒙脱土的结构进行表征.实验结果表明:在亚甲基蓝溶液pH为10、吸附温度为60℃、亚甲基蓝质量浓度为1 300 m...     

APSFZn在富营养化湖泊型水体中的应用

采用复合共聚法制备一种新型无机高分子絮凝剂凹凸棒-聚硅酸铁锌(APSFZn),并应用于富营养化湖泊型原水的实验研究。考察了水体p H、投加量、搅拌强度影响因素对絮凝效果的影响。研究表明,APSFZn具有较宽的p H使用范围。当p H为7.6、投加量为20 mg/L、搅拌强度为快搅速度200 r/min,快搅时间2 min,慢搅速度50 r/min,慢搅时间15 min时,APSFZn絮凝剂对Chl-a、CODMn、TP和TN的去除率分别为91.57%、87.11%、93.48%和48.98%。与传统絮凝剂PAC、PFS、PSFZn对比,APSFZn的絮凝效果明显优于传统絮凝剂。该絮凝剂制备简单、具有良好的稳定性和絮凝特性、工艺无二次污染,将APSFZn应用于富营养化湖泊型原水具有良好的絮凝效果。     

云南兰花生物技术的商品化开发

云南是我国兰科植物资源最丰富的地区，云南兰花共１００属４７２种，中国传统的观赏兰花－兰属植物和具开发潜力的热带兰种类多、分布广，使云南成为天然的兰花资源基因 。近年来，采挖性的商品开发导致云南丰富的兰花资源遭到严重破坏。     

九峰山地区的生物资源及其保护

九峰山地区天然植被保存完整,动植物资源颇为丰富。该区有维管束植物82科302属596种;陆栖脊椎动物134种,其中兽类25种、鸟类100种(另有2亚种)、两栖和爬行类7种、鱼类2种。蒙古扁桃和黄芪为国家三类保护植物,青羊和雪豹为国家二类保护兽类,金雕等13种鸟为国家二类保护鸟类;另外还有其它用途的经济动、植物。     

论湘中城市群经济的融合耦动与可持续发展

本文以湘中（长株潭）城市群作为研究对象,概述了湘中城市群经济融合的总体特征,对其城市群空间生长演化过程中存在的问题和应采取的对策,经济如何实现可持续发展进行了探讨。     

Growth responses of the newly-discovered Cd-hyperaccumulator Rorippa globosa and its accumulation characteristics of Cd and As under joint stress of Cd and As

Rorippa globosa has been identified as a newly-found Cd-hyperaccumulating species. In the present study, growth responses of Rorippa globosa and its accumulation characteristics of Cd and As were examined under joint stress of Cd and As. The results showed that Cd and As had an antagonistic effect on enhancing the growth of Rorippa globosa plants and Cd uptake and accumulation under the low concentration Cd and As treatments. When the concentration of Cd in the soil was 10 mg/kg and the concentration of As was 50 mg/kg, the highest growing height of the plant was up to 35.9 cm and the dry weight of the shoots was up to 2.2 g/pot, respectively. Meanwhile, the accumulation of Cd in the leaves under the joint stress was higher than that at the same level under single Cd pollution. However, there were synergic adverse effects on plant growth and Cd uptake under the combined pollution from a high concentration of Cd and As. Meanwhile, the accumulation of As in the roots was greater than that in the shoots, the translocation factor (TF) was ?0.3 and the bioaccumulation factor (BF) was ?0.6, thus showing that Rorippa globosa had an excluding effect on As uptake. These results confirmed that Rorippa globosa had a strong tolerant ability to the joint stress of Cd and As, and the potential for phytoremediation of soils contaminated by Cd and As.