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91.
Junqin PANG Masami MATSUDA Masashi KURODA Daisuke INOUE Kazunari SEI Kei NISHIDA Michihiko IKE 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2016,10(4):7
To improve nitrogen removal performance of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), it is essential to understand the behavior of nitrogen cycling communities, which comprise various microorganisms. This study characterized the quantity and diversity of nitrogen cycling genes in various processes of municipal WWTPs by employing two molecular-based methods:most probable number-polymerase chain reaction (MPN-PCR) and DNA microarray. MPN-PCR analysis revealed that gene quantities were not statistically different among processes, suggesting that conventional activated sludge processes (CAS) are similar to nitrogen removal processes in their ability to retain an adequate population of nitrogen cycling microorganisms. Furthermore, most processes in the WWTPs that were researched shared a pattern:the nirS and the bacterial amoA genes were more abundant than the nirK and archaeal amoA genes, respectively. DNA microarray analysis revealed that several kinds of nitrification and denitrification genes were detected in both CAS and anaerobic-oxic processes (AO), whereas limited genes were detected in nitrogen removal processes. Results of this study suggest that CAS maintains a diverse community of nitrogen cycling microorganisms; moreover, the microbial communities in nitrogen removal processes may be specific.
相似文献
92.
天津市路面雨水径流重金属污染特征 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
对天津市3条典型主要交通干线雨水径流中的Cr、Cd、Fe、Cu、Hg 5种重金属进行了取样监测,重点探讨了路面径流重金属的平均质量浓度、冲洗特征、重金属之间以及重金属与悬浮物之间的相关关系,并用聚类分析方法对降雨特征对重金属污染的影响进行了研究。结果表明,天津市路面雨水径流重金属污染严重,Fe、Cr和Cd质量浓度较高,污染贡献率大,为径流主要重金属污染物;重金属污染水平高于国内外城市研究结果,反映出天津市在道路路面环境维护和管理上与其他城市的差距。路面径流的重金属具有明显的径流初期冲洗效应,在径流的初始阶段,重金属质量浓度达到最大值,随着降雨和径流的延续,污染物质量浓度呈波浪性锯齿状下降,至降雨结束,重金属质量浓度最终趋于稳定。径流中不同种类重金属具有同源性,且与径流中的悬浮固体具有明显的相互依存关系,重金属主要以悬浮固体吸附的形式或重金属颗粒形式存在。通过聚类分析可知,重金属污染受降雨强度和前期晴天积累影响显著,其次是降雨量和降雨历时。 相似文献
93.
以酸性氯化铜蚀刻废液为原料,在Na2CO3和助剂A存在下,采用一步沉淀法制备碱式碳酸铜。考察了反应pH、n(Na2CO3)∶n(助剂A)、反应时间和反应温度对碱式碳酸铜制备效果的影响,并采用XRD、TG 及SEM对产品进行了表征。实验结果表明:在反应pH 7.0、沉淀剂配比n(Na2CO3)∶n(助剂A)=1∶2、反应时间1.0 h、反应温度70 ℃的条件下,产品的w(Cu2+)达55.62%,w(Cl-)为0.013%,符合HG/T 4825—2015《工业碱式碳酸铜》的要求;蚀刻废液中Cu2+的回收率接近100%。表征结果表明,制得的产品为单一组分CuCO3·Cu(OH)2,小颗粒为直径1.8~5.4 μm的不规则球形,团聚后的大颗粒呈姜块状形貌,粒径为48~75 μm。 相似文献
94.
95.
Clay minerals and zeolites have large cation exchange capacities, which enable them to be modified by cationic surfactant to enhance their sorption of organic and anionic contaminants. In this study, the influence of quaternary ammonium surfactants on sorption of five metal cations (Cs+, Sr+, La3+, Pb2+, and Zn2+) onto a clinoptilolite zeolite was investigated. Generally, the metal cation sorption capacity and affinity for the zeolite decreased, indicating that presorbed cationic surfactants blocked sorption sites for metal cations, as the surfactant loading on the zeolite increased. Cesium and Pb2+ sorption was affected to a small extent, indicating that selective sorption for Cs+ and specific sorption for Pb2+ play an important role in addition to cation exchange. Sorption of cationic surfactants on zeolite preloaded with different metal cations showed a strong correlation with the chain length of the surfactant tail group, while the roles of the charges and types of the metal cations were minimal. As the chain length increases, the critical micelle concentration decreases and the surfactant molecules become more hydrophobic, resulting in progressive bilayer coverage. Desorption of presorbed metal cations by cationic surfactants was strongly affected by the surfactant chain length and metal type. More metal cations, particularly Sr2+ and Zn2+, desorbed with an increase in surfactant chain length. The results, in combination with those from organic and oxyanion sorption on surfactant-modified zeolite, may be used for future surfactant modification to target sorption and desorption of a specific type of contaminant or a mixture of different types of contaminants. 相似文献
96.
Consumption of microbially contaminated ground water can cause adverse health effects and the processes involved in pathogen transport in aquifers need to be understood. The influences of distance, flow velocity, and colloid size on colloid transport were examined in homogenous pea-gravel media using an 8-m column and three sizes (1, 5, and 10 microm) of microspheres. Experiments were conducted at three flow rates by simultaneously injecting microspheres with a conservative tracer, bromide. Observed concentrations were simulated with CXTFIT and analyzed with filtration theory. The results demonstrate that colloid concentration is strongly log-linearly related to transport distance (as suggested by filtration theory) in coarse gravels, similar to our previous field studies. In contrast, the log-linear relationship is often reported to be invalid in fine porous media. The observed log-linear relationship is possibly because straining is negligible in the coarse gravels investigated. This has implications in predicting setback distances for land disposal of effluent, and suggests that setback distances in gravel aquifers can be estimated using constant spatial removal rates (f). There was an inverse relationship between transport distance and colloidal concentration, but not with temporal attachment rate (katt) and collision coefficient (alpha). Increases in flow velocity result in increasing colloidal recovery, katt and alpha but decreasing f. Increases in sphere size result in decreasing colloidal recovery with increasing katt, f, alpha, and velocity enhancement. Diffusion is the dominant collision mechanism for 1-microm spheres (81-88%), while settling dominates for 5- and 10-microm spheres (> 87%), and interception is very small for all spheres investigated. 相似文献
97.
98.
为解决我国废弃产品环境污染问题和再生资源循环利用的困境,加快生态文明建设和循环经济发展,国务院现已推行生产者责任延伸制度。该项制度的推行实施,可减轻环境治理负担,推动循环经济和清洁生产模式,促进企业技术升级,但该项制度在具体实施过程中尚存在一些问题。以铅蓄电池行业为例,存在的主要问题包括相关制度不健全、回收利用体系不完善、缺乏多部门联动监管机制和有效的经济激励政策等。针对上述问题,结合河南省的废铅蓄电池收集处理制度试点工作,提出铅酸蓄电池行业生产者责任延伸制实施的建议方案,为生产者责任延伸制度更好地推行和实施提供参考。 相似文献
99.
Pang Wancheng Hou Dejia Nowar Elhosseny E. Chen Huanchun Zhang Jibin Zhang Guoping Li Qing Wang Shucai 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(34):42767-42777
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Currently, sustainable utilization, including recycling and valorization, is becoming increasingly popular in waste management. Black soldier fly... 相似文献
100.
铁屑去除酸法地浸采铀地下水中硝酸盐的试验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在酸法地浸采铀过程中,硝酸及硝酸盐的广泛使用使硝酸盐在地下不断累积并扩散到地下水中,这给矿区地下水造成了一定程度的污染.本试验以铁屑为还原剂,对该地下水中NO3--N的去除进行了批试验和动态试验研究.试验结果表明,铁屑可有效去除地下水中的NO3--N,其去除率随pH值的降低而逐渐升高;溶液中共存的Ca2 、Mg2 对NO3--N的去除影响不大,而SO42-、HCO3-的存在可明显降低NO3--N去除率;铁屑最佳投加量为120 g/L,铁炭最佳体积比为1∶1;二级柱可以明显提高柱子的稳定运行时间,在55 h内NO3--N去除率可保持在93%以上,去除效果较好. 相似文献