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21.
W. H. Chan M. N. Mazlee Zainal Arifin Ahmad M. A. M. Ishak J. B. Shamsul 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(2):794-803
The porous composites of clay and fly ash have the potential to be used in many fields, such as catalyst support and gas adsorbents. In this study, various ratios of fly ash (1–2) with different percentage of suspension (50–70 wt%) were applied to produce porous clay-fly ash composites via polymeric replica technique. Fabrication process starts by mixing clay and fly ash in distilled water to form slurry. The process is followed by fully immersing polymer sponge in slurry. The excess slurry is then removed through squeezing. Finally, the sponge coated with slurry is sintered at 500 and 1250 °C for 1 h. It is found that the compressive strength of porous composites improves significantly (0.178–1.28 MPa) when the amount of clay-fly ash suspension mixture (50–70 wt%) increases. The compressive strength of porous composites is mainly attributed to the mullite, quartz and amorphous phase formations. These results are supported by X-ray diffraction analysis. On the other hand, increase in the amount of suspension reduces the apparent density (from 2.44 to 2.32 g/cm3) and porosity (from 97 to 85 %). The reduction in apparent density is believed to be caused by the presence of high fly ash content in porous composites. The melted fly ash cenospheres have closed the internal pores and increased density of samples. Higher suspension level not only reduces porosity, but also increases close pores of the porous composites. The results are justified through the observation from the structures of porous clay-fly ash composites. 相似文献
22.
Jung-Kwang Kim Sun-Kee Han Geon-Ha Kim Ji-Tae Kim Chae-Young Lee 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(1):118-123
This study was aimed to investigate the biodegradation characteristics of organic matters in swine carcasses. The lysimeters were simulated with different initial operating conditions: 30 % volumetric moisture content and no sludge addition for lysimeter A (control), 30 % volumetric moisture content and anaerobic sludge addition for lysimeter B, and 40 % volumetric moisture content and anaerobic sludge addition for lysimeter C. The degradation efficiency (18.4 %) of lysimeter B was higher than that (15.2 %) of lysimeter A due to anaerobic sludge addition. Lysimeter B showed higher CH4 yield (15.6 L/kg VS) and CH4 production rate (0.41 L/kg VS days) compared to lysimeter A by 31 % and 14 %, respectively. In addition, the degradation efficiency improved from 18.4 % (lysimeter B) to 26.3 % (lysimeter C) by increasing volumetric moisture content. The CH4 yield (22.9 L/kg VS) and CH4 production rate (0.68 L/kg VS days) of lysimeter C were higher than those of lysimeter B, respectively. Total organic carbon (TOC) removed in lysimeter C was converted to leachate (20.3 %) and gas (6.0 %), whose values were higher than those of lysimeter A and B. These results demonstrated that the proper control of initial operating conditions could accelerate the anaerobic degradation of organic matters in swine carcasses. 相似文献
23.
Nguyen Kim Nga Huynh Dang Chinh Phi Thi Thuy Hong Tran Quang Huy 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2017,25(2):146-155
This study aimed at finding effective strategies for high-performance removal of reactive blue 19 (RB19) dye from aqueous solution. Chitosan (CS) films had been prepared by using solvent casting with mild drying for this purpose. The CS films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The performance of RB19 removal using CS were evaluated by varying contact time, solution pH, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dosage. Adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and desorption were investigated by batch experiments. Results showed that CS films exhibited the optimal adsorption performance for RB19 removal and high maximum adsorption capacities of RB19, which were 799 and 822.4 mg g?1 at 20 and 40 °C, respectively. Adsorption kinetic data were well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. FTIR analyses further indicated that interactions between RB19 and the CS film occurred during adsorption. The CS films also exhibited satisfactory desorption of RB19 at about 80 % after 30 min of desorption at pH 11. Our study demonstrated that the CS films can be easily prepared and applied for effective removal of RB19 in treatment of wastewater. 相似文献
24.
Abel Duarte Alonso 《The Environmentalist》2009,29(4):388-397
Despite aquaculture’s contribution providing an additional food source or employment in rural areas, this industry is often
presented in a controversial way, including its impact on the environment. However, an argument can also be made in favour
of aquaculture operators and their efforts to follow environmentally sound practices. Along these lines, the present study
investigates operators’ stance on environmental sustainability from a group of 26 Western Australian marron growers. Overall,
the findings demonstrate growers’ commitment to grow marron environmentally, for instance, without the use of fertilisers
or feeding. Furthermore, respondents are in agreement with the potential effects of environmentally unfriendly practices,
especially as in many cases marron growing is a complement to rural activities such as horticulture and cattle farming. At
the other end, some operators voice concerns on a different environmental issue, namely, the challenge that increasing droughts
and lack of sufficient rain is posing to their industry. 相似文献
25.
Kirk R. Vincent Jonathan M. Friedman Eleanor R. Griffin 《Environmental management》2009,44(2):218-227
Removal of nonnative riparian trees is accelerating to conserve water and improve habitat for native species. Widespread control
of dominant species, however, can lead to unintended erosion. Helicopter herbicide application in 2003 along a 12-km reach
of the Rio Puerco, New Mexico, eliminated the target invasive species saltcedar (Tamarix spp.), which dominated the floodplain, as well as the native species sandbar willow (Salix exigua Nuttall), which occurred as a fringe along the channel. Herbicide application initiated a natural experiment testing the
importance of riparian vegetation for bank stability along this data-rich river. A flood three years later eroded about 680,000 m3 of sediment, increasing mean channel width of the sprayed reach by 84%. Erosion upstream and downstream from the sprayed
reach during this flood was inconsequential. Sand eroded from channel banks was transported an average of 5 km downstream
and deposited on the floodplain and channel bed. Although vegetation was killed across the floodplain in the sprayed reach,
erosion was almost entirely confined to the channel banks. The absence of dense, flexible woody stems on the banks reduced
drag on the flow, leading to high shear stress at the toe of the banks, fluvial erosion, bank undercutting, and mass failure.
The potential for increased erosion must be included in consideration of phreatophyte control projects. 相似文献
26.
A Comparative Approach for Ranking Contaminated Sites Based on the Risk Assessment Paradigm Using Fuzzy PROMETHEE 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A ranking system for contaminated sites based on comparative risk methodology using fuzzy Preference Ranking Organization
METHod for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE) was developed in this article. It combines the concepts of fuzzy sets to represent
uncertain site information with the PROMETHEE, a subgroup of Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods. Criteria are identified
based on a combination of the attributes (toxicity, exposure, and receptors) associated with the potential human health and
ecological risks posed by contaminated sites, chemical properties, site geology and hydrogeology and contaminant transport
phenomena. Original site data are directly used avoiding the subjective assignment of scores to site attributes. When the
input data are numeric and crisp the PROMETHEE method can be used. The Fuzzy PROMETHEE method is preferred when substantial
uncertainties and subjectivities exist in site information. The PROMETHEE and fuzzy PROMETHEE methods are both used in this
research to compare the sites. The case study shows that this methodology provides reasonable results. 相似文献
27.
28.
Christian Mougin Agnès Bouchez Laurence Denaix Isabelle Lamy François Laurent Fabrice Martin-Laurent Michel Mench 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(4):2974-2976
The fifth meeting of INRA’s national network of ecotoxicologists took place on 25 to 27 November 2014 in Biarritz, France. The main aim of the meeting was to bring together ecotoxicologists from INRA and associated partners, providing them ample opportunity to share and discuss their latest scientific results as well as the national policy of research in ecotoxicology and to precise perspectives for the network. 相似文献
29.
30.
Fethi Amri 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(17):14567-14578
This study examines the relation between CO2 emissions, income, non-renewable, and renewable energy consumption in Algeria during the period extending from 1980 to 2011. Our work gives particular attention to the validity of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) with break point method outcome demonstrates the positive effect of non-renewable type of energy on CO2 emissions consumption. On the contrary, the results reveal an insignificant effect of renewable energy on environment improvement. Moreover, the results accept the existence of EKC hypothesis but the highest gross domestic product value in logarithm scale of our data is inferior to the estimated turning point. Consequently, policy-makers in Algeria should expand the ratio of renewable energy and should decrease the quota of non-renewable energy consumption. 相似文献