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排序方式: 共有398条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
101.
Alarming environmental pollution from petroleum based non-biodegradable disposable packaging films has generated concern for development of alternatives from natural polymers such as starch. In the present work, the biodegradability of a self-supporting film made from starch and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (starch:PVA?=?9:1 as the polymer) together with glutaraldehyde as crosslinker and sodium propionate (SP) as antimicrobial was investigated by soil burial method. The changes in soil composition namely pH, organic carbon, available and total nitrogen, and water holding capacity as a result of biodegradation were also estimated. The film underwent ≈?90% biodegradation within a period of 28 days, with simultaneous increase in soil nutrients. Moreover, the pH remained in the accepted limit for plant growth. Thus, antimicrobial in the film did not hamper its biodegradation, rather disposal of the film in soil might facilitate plant growth. 相似文献
102.
Shyam Lal Sethuraman Venkataramani Manish Naja Jagdish Chandra Kuniyal Tuhin Kumar Mandal Pradip Kumar Bhuyan Kandikonda Maharaj Kumari Sachchida Nand Tripathi Ujjaini Sarkar Trupti Das Yerramsetti Venkata Swamy Kotalo Rama Gopal Harish Gadhavi Modathi Kottungal Satheesh Kumar 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(26):20972-20981
Surface ozone is mainly produced by photochemical reactions involving various anthropogenic pollutants, whose emissions are increasing rapidly in India due to fast-growing anthropogenic activities. This study estimates the losses of wheat and rice crop yields using surface ozone observations from a group of 17 sites, for the first time, covering different parts of India. We used the mean ozone for 7 h during the day (M7) and accumulated ozone over a threshold of 40 ppbv (AOT40) metrics for the calculation of crop losses for the northern, eastern, western and southern regions of India. Our estimates show the highest annual loss of wheat (about 9 million ton) in the northern India, one of the most polluted regions in India, and that of rice (about 2.6 million ton) in the eastern region. The total all India annual loss of 4.0–14.2 million ton (4.2–15.0%) for wheat and 0.3–6.7 million ton (0.3–6.3%) for rice are estimated. The results show lower crop loss for rice than that of wheat mainly due to lower surface ozone levels during the cropping season after the Indian summer monsoon. These estimates based on a network of observation sites show lower losses than earlier estimates based on limited observations and much lower losses compared to global model estimates. However, these losses are slightly higher compared to a regional model estimate. Further, the results show large differences in the loss rates of both the two crops using the M7 and AOT40 metrics. This study also confirms that AOT40 cannot be fit with a linear relation over the Indian region and suggests for the need of new metrics that are based on factors suitable for this region. 相似文献
103.
Alam Absar Kumar Jeetendra Sarkar Uttam Kumar Jha Dharm Nath Srivastava Saket Kumar Kumar Vijay Das Basanta Kumar 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(9):13221-13241
Environment, Development and Sustainability - The present study evaluated the effectiveness of stocking the Gangetic carps, viz. Labeo catla, Labeo rohita, and Cirrhinus mrigala, in a large... 相似文献
104.
Das Ananya Baig Nisar Ali Yawar Mohammad Kumar Arun Habib Gazala Perumal Vivekanandan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(5):11600-11616
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Delhi has been identified as one of the highly polluted cities in the world and recently associated with the highest population weighted PM2.5... 相似文献
105.
Das Ranjita S. Mohakar Vijay N. Kumar Anupama 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(8):19860-19872
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Solid waste management of the potato peels, generated during the processing of potatoes, can be done sustainably by adding value to the peel waste.... 相似文献
106.
Weijs L Dirtu AC Das K Gheorghe A Reijnders PJ Neels H Blust R Covaci A 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(2):445-451
Harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) and harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) were found to differ in the ability to metabolize polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Biomagnification factors (BMFs), calculated between both predators and their prey (sole - Solea solea and whiting - Merlangius merlangus), had a large range of variation (between 0.5 and 91 for PCBs and between 0.6 and 53 for PBDEs). For the higher chlorinated PCBs and the highest brominated PBDEs, the BMF values in adult males were significantly higher than in the juvenile individuals of both species. BMF values of hexa- to octa-PCBs were the highest, suggesting reduced ability to degrade these congeners. Harbour porpoises had higher BMFs for lower chlorinated PCBs and for all PBDEs compared to harbour seals. Other factors, which may influence biomagnification, such as the octanol-water partition coefficients and the trophic level position measured through stable isotope (δ15N) analysis, were found to be of lesser importance to predict biomagnification in the studied food chain. 相似文献
107.
Madhumita Das Ashwani Kumar 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2009,16(4):466-473
Background, aim, and scope
High-quality waters are steadily retreating worldwide. Discharge of industrial effluent in the environment again declines soil/water quality to a great extent. On the other hand, effluent reuse in agriculture could be a means to conserve natural resources by providing assured water supply for growing crops. But industrial effluents are highly variable in nature, containing a variety of substances, and all are not favorable for farming. Appraisal and developing modes of effluent reuse is therefore a prerequisite to enable its proper use in agriculture. Effluents of various industries were assessed and approaches for their use in farming were developed for a particular region in this study. As per availability of effluents, the same could be implemented in other water-scarce areas. 相似文献108.
Chatterjee M Massolo S Sarkar SK Bhattacharya AK Bhattacharya BD Satpathy KK Saha S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2009,150(1-4):307-322
This paper presents a comprehensive account regarding concentration, distribution and possible sources of trace elements (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) in 20-30 cm sediment cores (<63 microm particle size) collected at the confluence of the Ganges River and Bay of Bengal (Sunderban wetland, India). This work aims to evaluate the fluvio-marine and geochemical processes influencing the metal distribution. The most interesting features are the downward increase of concentrations of majority of the elements reaching overall maximum values at a depth of 10-15 cm observed in station Lot No.8 located along the main stream of the Ganges estuary as well as an overall elevated concentration of all the elements in the lower littoral zone. The interelemental relationship revealed the identical behaviour of elements during its transport in the estuarine environment. The overall variation in concentration can be attributed to differential discharge of effluents originating from industrial and agricultural as well as from domestic sewage. Arsenic exceeded effects range - low (ER - L) concentrations, implying occasional or frequent adverse biological effects. For Cu, Ni and Cr a smaller proportion of samples had exceeded the ER - L values indicating that the dataset would be suitable for future use in evaluating predictive abilities of SQGs. 相似文献
109.
Improved bioavailability and biodegradation of a model polyaromatic hydrocarbon by a biosurfactant producing bacterium of marine origin 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic pollutants mostly derived from the processing and combustion of fossil fuels and cause human health hazards. In the present study a marine biosurfactant producing strain of Bacillus circulans was used to increase the bioavailability and consequent degradation of a model polyaromatic hydrocarbon, anthracene. Although the organism could not utilize anthracene as the sole carbon source, it showed better growth and biosurfactant production in an anthracene supplemented glycerol mineral salts medium (AGlyMSM) compared to a normal glycerol mineral salts medium (GlyMSM). The biosurfactant product showed high degree of emulsification of various hydrocarbons. Analysis by gas chromatography (GC), high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that the biosurfactant could effectively entrap and solubilize PAH. Thin layer chromatographic analysis showed that anthracene was utilized as a carbon substrate for the production of biosurfactant. Thus organic pollutant anthracene was metabolized and converted to biosurfactants facilitating its own bioremediation. 相似文献
110.
Netai Chandra Dey Amalendu Samanta Ratnadeep Saha 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2006,12(4):399-407
Thirty healthy trammers were examined in underground haulage mines during their normal activity. Physiological strain in terms of heart rate (HR) varied between 101.6 and 104.7 beats/min with mean net cardiac cost of 33.06 and 34.06 beats/min for younger and older groups respectively. The average relative cardiac cost was lower for younger subjects than for older ones. Oxygen consumption (VO2) was measured with an Oxylog-II machine (UK); subsequently values were estimated. Maximum aerobic capacity was estimated with an indirect method following a standard step test protocol. The responses revealed that the average VO2 during the activity was 0.75 and 0.8 L/min, which corresponded to energy expenditure (EE) of 3.8 and 3.97 Kcal/min for younger and older subjects respectively. The workload in terms of HR and EE was moderate, whereas the aerobic strain experienced by aged workers was above the acceptable level. 相似文献