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71.
Since the last few decades, terrestrial diversity is found to be under stress due to the contamination by various chemicals and gases of aquatic and agricultural media. The bioaccumulation of these compounds at certain concentrations in different tissues produces histopathological changes leading to behavioral changes in target animals. This study focused on terrestrial molluscan slug, Semperula maculata, against lethal concentrations of mercury chloride (HgCl2). Bioaccumulation of Hg was highest in ovotestis, while lowest in the molluscan penis. Histopathological changes were observed in the cellular arrangement of reproductive organs. Alterations in the penis and the dart gland included dilated unicellular, multicellular glands, and muscular dystrophy, dilated peripheral glandular cells, respectively; dilation being maximal in the prostate gland. Ovotestis showed depleted number of gametocytes. Vacoulized pre-vitellogenic oocytes with early vitellogenic oocytes were noted under light microscopy. Mercury produced toxicity on secretory functions and lowered the rate of reproduction in animals. Evidence indicates that Hg produced gamete degeneration, impacted reproductive capacity and survival of this species in the ecosystem. 相似文献
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Ranked set sampling (RSS) is a sampling procedure that has been shown to provide more efficient procedures than simple random sampling, in particular the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon (MWW) statistic and the empirical distribution function (EDF). We briefly review the work of Bohn (1992) and Stokes and Sager (1988) on the effect of imperfect ranking on the RSS-based MWW test and on the RSS-based EDF, respectively. We propose a model for a ranking error probability matrix which we hope will become a useful tool for evaluating RSS-based statistical procedures 相似文献
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75.
Ahmad I Siddiqui H Akhtar MJ Khan MI Patil G Ashquin M Patel DK Arif JM 《Chemosphere》2011,83(4):455-460
In this in vitro study we investigated the toxic responses in hepatocytes treated with occupational dust to which workers are exposed in bone-based industrial units. The present study investigated the toxicity mechanism of bone-based occupational dust, from a particular industrial unit, on isolated rat hepatocytes. The hepatocytes were isolated by collagenase perfusion method and cell viability was determined by trypan blue exclusion and MTT [3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay treated with occupational dust at 0.1-1.0 mgmL(-1), for 120 min. The cell viability decreased significantly in a concentration-dependent manner. Dust induced significant membrane damage measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutathione (GSH) release in culture media for 30-, 60- and 120 min treatment duration. The toxicity was found to be correlated with the induction of lipid peroxidation (LPO). In addition, nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) generation by occupational dusts were also found to be time- and concentration-dependent. Over all the present study provides initial evidences for the toxic potential of occupational dust generated in bone-based industries and, therefore, the dust exposure to workers in unorganized industrial units should be controlled. 相似文献
76.
Zade CM Pete UD Patil SS Bhosale JD Hadole CD Kadam MS Bendre RS 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2012,47(2):136-143
Insect-growth regulators (IGRs) have been receiving foremost attention as potential means of selective insect control. Benzoyl phenyl urea (BPU) is a well-known IGR having chitin synthesis inhibitor activity. Mimics of BPU have been synthesized by suitable derivatization of a naturally occurring monoterpenoid, thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methyl phenol) to form a = series of substituted benzoyl thymyl thioureas (BTTUs) [IVa-f] and benzoyl thymyl ureas (BTUs) [Va-f]. The synthesized compounds have been characterized by (1)H and (13)C NMR, LC-MS and elemental analysis. These derivatives have been screened for their effect on total haemocyte count of Dysdercus koenigii. It has been observed that the introduction of substituted benzoyl thiourea and urea linkage into a thymol ring via an amino group results in higher activity than the parent compound thymol and a comparable pattern of results with the standard insect-growth regulators, Penfluron. Urea [Va-f] compounds exhibited greater effect on Total Haemocyte Count (THC) than thiourea [IVa-f]. Fluoro substitution enhanced the effect on THC more than chloro substituted compounds, while ortho-substitution resulted in a better effect than para-substitution. The results described in this paper are promising and provide new array of synthetic chemicals that may be utilized as insect growth regulators. 相似文献
77.
Horseshoe crabs act as moving substrata for simple to complex communities of small marine organisms. Amplexed adult pairs
migrate for breeding once every 2 weeks from deep waters towards nearshore waters during highest high tide. Female horseshoe
crabs bury themselves to the level of the lateral eyes to deposit eggs while the male crabs fertilize them. Subsequently eggs
are buried by the female. Tachypleus gigas (Müller) is the most abundant horseshoe crab species above available along the Orissa coast (India). Adults reach terminal
anecdysis once sexually mature and live with their carapace for 4 to 9 years. In spite of this, epibiosis is limited. In the
current investigation, differences in the epibiotic community (diatoms and macro-epibionts) present on horseshoe crabs, according
to gender, were evaluated, and the macro-epibiont population from different regions of the carapace was mapped. In general,
female horseshoe crabs harbored fewer epibionts than the males. Among the diatoms, Navicula spp., Nitzschia spp. and Skeletonema sp. were dominant in both sexes. However, the abundance and diversity of diatoms was greater on the carapaces of male crabs.
Among the macro-epibionts, the acorn barnacle (Balanus amphitrite Darwin) and encrusting bryozoan (Membranipora sp.) were the most dominant forms. Barnacles and bryozoans were greater in abundance in the “rough” zone (cardiopthalmic
region and anterior region of the opisthosoma). Mapping of the macro-epibionts from different regions of the carapace revealed
differential distribution in males and females. Such differentiated distribution of the macro-epibionts can be related to
factors such as changing habitat by the horseshoe crabs during breeding, mechanical abrasion and surface availability during
mating and nesting periods, requirements of epizootic larvae and surface properties of the carapace (wettability and roughness).
In the case of females, mechanical abrasion and surface availability played an important role in the epibiotic community structure
and distribution patterns. The surface wettability measurements indicated male carapace to be slightly more hydrophobic than
the female carapace. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the male carapace was comparatively rough compared to the
smooth carapace of females. A comparison of surface properties of the carapace indicated that the male carapace is more conducive
for epibiosis.
Received: 23 August 1999 / Accepted: 25 January 2000 相似文献
78.
Patil Akshata G. Poornachandra S. Gumageri Ramesh Rajkumar K. Anandhan S. 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(2):870-883
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This paper outlines the preparation and characterization of chitosan (CS) composites reinforced with mechano-chemically activated fly ash (MCA-FA).... 相似文献
79.
Vineetkumar K. Patil Muniswamy David 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(12):10191-10199
This study examined the effect of lethal (4.5 μg/l) and sublethal (0.45 μg/l) malathion levels on oxidative stress responses of the freshwater edible fish, Labeo rohita. Fish were exposed to lethal (1–4 days) and sublethal (1, 5, 10, and 15 days) periods. In the present study, catalase and protease activity, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyls, and free amino acids levels increased in the gill, liver, and kidney tissues of fish exposed to lethal and sublethal concentrations of malathion except protein content. Time- and concentration-dependent induction/reduction of the above parameters by lethal and sublethal concentrations of malathion was observed in the tissues (the gill, liver, and kidney) of L. rohita. Thus, the results clearly infer oxidative damage and decline in antioxidant defense due to malathion-induced oxidative stress. 相似文献
80.