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61.
Validation and global uncertainty of a gas chromatographic with mass spectrometry method for fenamidone analysis in grapes and wines 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abreu Sde M Herbert P Caboni P Cabras P Alves A Garau VL 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2007,42(7):817-822
Fenamidone is an imidazolinone fungicide recently introduced in viticulture practices. This work reports the validation and assessment of global uncertainty of a gas chromatographic with mass spectrometry method to analyze fenamidone in grapes and wines. This method consists in a simple and fast liquid-liquid extraction step followed by chromatographic determination. Limits of detection for fenamidone in grapes and wines were, respectively, 0.05 mg/kg and 0.06 mg/L, precision was below 9.4% and average recovery was 89 +/- 5%. In the concentration range from 0.05 to 1.00 mg/kg (or mg/L) of fenamidone, global uncertainty calculated following the EURACHEM/CITAC rules, and also by the Horwitz function, was below 25%. The EURACHEM/CITAC global uncertainty budget used gave lower estimates than those obtained from the Horwitz function. 相似文献
62.
Harrelkas F Paulo A Alves MM El Khadir L Zahraa O Pons MN van der Zee FP 《Chemosphere》2008,72(11):1816-1822
A photocatalytic process based on immobilized titanium dioxide was used to treat crude solutions of azo, anthraquinone and phthalocyanine textile dyes. In addition, the process was applied to the treat autoxidized chemically reduced azo dyes, i.e. representatives of recalcitrant dye residues after biological sequential anaerobic-aerobic treatment. Photocatalysis was able to remove more than 90% color from crude as well as autoxidized chemically reduced dye solutions. UV-absorbance and COD were also removed but to a lower extent (50% in average). The end products of photocatalytic treatment were not toxic toward methanogenic bacteria. The results demonstrate that photocatalysis can be used as a pre- or post-treatment method to biological anaerobic treatment of dye-containing textile wastewater. 相似文献
63.
Fuga A Saiki M Marcelli MP Saldiva PH 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,151(2):334-340
The Canoparmelia texana epiphytic lichenized fungi was used to monitor atmospheric pollution in the S?o Paulo metropolitan region, SP, Brazil. The cluster analysis applied to the element concentration values confirmed the site groups of different levels of pollution due to industrial and vehicular emissions. In the distribution maps of element concentrations, higher concentrations of Ba and Mn were observed in the vicinity of industries and of a petrochemical complex. The highest concentration of Co found in lichens from the S?o Miguel Paulista site is due to the emissions from a metallurgical processing plant that produces this element. For Br and Zn, the highest concentrations could be associated both to vehicular and industrial emissions. Exploratory analyses revealed that the accumulation of toxic elements in C. texana may be of use in evaluating the human risk of cardiopulmonary mortality due to prolonged exposure to ambient levels of air pollution. 相似文献
64.
The European Union introduced several policy instruments based in the extended producer responsibility (EPR) in order to improve the environmental performance of products and services through their life cycles. In this context, the Portuguese government decided to apply the EPR concept to tyres, and producers were obliged to constitute an end-of-life management system to promote the collection, recycling and reuse of end-of-life (EOL) tyres. This required producers, distributors, recyclers and retreaders to be identified and characterized, and local processing infrastructures to be analyzed. The information was used to design an economically optimised EOL tyre management system while promoting the activity of all EOL operators in order for the imposed collecting and recovery targets to be fulfilled. This paper discusses the interaction between the different governmental, private and academic institutions for the creation of the integrated management system for EOL tyres, the approach taken, the technical, political and legal aspects underneath them, as well as the environmental consequences induced by the creation of the management system. The results obtained during the first years of operation are reported and show an increase in the collection and recycling of EOL tyres and the consolidation of the collection and processing infrastructures. 相似文献
65.
Pedrosa P 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,129(1-3):137-150
This study investigates the inherent optical properties (IOP) of a Brazilian river during a non-natural, anthropogenically
mediated, toxic spill of a wood-pulping factory (the ‘Cataguazes accident’). The results indicated an outstanding transformation
in the river water chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) pools. For instance, increases in CDOM absorption coefficients,
a
CDOM
(λ), which were averaged at specific spectral intervals, , ranged from 58-fold at the UV-B and UV-A ranges to 95-fold at the PAR range. As a result, the water color expressed as CDOM
absorption at 440 nm, a
CDOM
(440), varied from 4.16 to 365.03 m-1. For S-coefficient, the variations ranged from ∼1.1 to 5.6-fold, respectively, at the 300–650 nm and UV-B range. The variability
of S as a proxy of dissolved chromophores was thus clearly influenced by the spectral range used. Optical proportions were also
investigated through the use of and S ratios at the UV-B, UV-A, and PAR ranges and, in the case of , also at the NIR range. This approach also showed clear variations between the water samples, likely reflecting changes in
the composition of optically active substances in the river system. As a whole, the findings obtained here indicated that
both the quantity and quality of the chromophoric material dissolved in the river water were greatly altered by the toxic
spill. The changes in the optical properties of the river water, although extreme and likely with no parallel in the literature,
were quite rapid as indicated by the optical resilience of the system. Overall, this study indicates that IOP might be thought,
and possibly used, as a metric tool for monitoring the state of waters and aquatic ecosystems. 相似文献
66.
Copulatory plugs do not assure high first male fertilisation success: sperm displacement in a lizard
Pedro L. Moreira Vera L. Nunes José Martín Octávio S. Paulo 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,62(2):281-288
Sperm competition selects for opposing male defensive and offensive reproductive traits, and its outcome may be determined
by the effectiveness to which one trait has evolved to out-compete the other. We tested the effectiveness of a first male
plug physical interference with a second male insemination (defence) vs the effectiveness of plug and associated sperm displacement
by a second male (offence) on the outcome of sperm competition in Iberian rock lizards. We conducted a double mating experiment
where we compared the proportion of eggs per clutch fertilised by the same second males (against the same first males) when
they copulated with females 30 min (first male plug adhered firmly inside the female cloaca) and 4 h (first male plug loosely
adhered or shed from the female cloaca) after first males. We found that second males fertilised the majority of the eggs
per clutch in the 30-min treatment, whereas fertilisations were equally shared between the two males in the 4-h treatment.
These results show that plugs have little defensive effectiveness, and thus, do not assure high first male fertilisation success.
Instead, sperm displacement appears to be associated with plug displacement. That is, because sperm embedded in first male
plugs, and displaced from competition for fertilisations by second males, is expected to increase in number with decreasing
time allowed for female sperm transport, second males thus enjoy higher fertilisation success. This study shows that offensive
plug displacement out-competes plug defensive role in Iberian rock lizards. Moreover, it reveals sperm displacement as a novel
sperm competition mechanism in reptiles. 相似文献
67.
在旱季,亚马孙河巨龟(Podocnemis
expansa)将巢穴修筑在河槽边缘和内部的广阔沙洲上.这些巢穴在某些沙滩上的某些具体地点的大量聚集表明巢穴位置的选择不是随机的,而是与一些地质状况有关,如沙洲边缘的倾斜度和砂质高台的存在.通向高台顶端的通道或斜坡结构的存在是巢穴位置选择的决定性因素.被侵蚀的以及陡峭的沙滩边缘阻碍了亚马孙河龟到达最理想的筑巢位置.随着时间的推移,沙滩形态的变化会改变巢穴的分布. 相似文献
68.
Miagostovich Marize Pereira Rocha Mônica Simões dos Reis Fabiane Bertoni Sampaio Marcelo Santos de Saldanha da Gama Gracie Carrijo Renata Malta Fabio Correia Rodrigues Janaína Genuino Amanda Ribeiro da Silva Assis Matheus Fumian Tulio Machado Barrocas Paulo Rubens Guimarães 《Food and environmental virology》2020,12(2):130-136
Food and Environmental Virology - The availability of drinking water is one of the main determinants of quality of life, disease prevention and the promotion of health. Viruses are important agents... 相似文献
69.
Paulo R. Dores-Silva Jussara A. O. Cotta Maria D. Landgraf 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(7):598-604
AbstractPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the environmental pollutants that have very high carcinogenic and mutagenic activity. Among hundreds of different PAHs, 17 are considered priority pollutants and routinely monitored for regulatory purposes. Extended periods of exposure and expensive clean-up costs are typically associated with the vast majority of processes used for the remediation of areas contaminated with PAHs. The results of this study indicate that bioremediation via vermicomposting could be an effective method for remedying soils contaminated with toxic organic compounds, such as PAHs. This study was conducted over 90?days in the presence of various quantities of organic matter (cattle manure) to recover soils contaminated with PAHs. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied to identify PAHs. An evaluation of the toxicity of the final material and the transformation of the organic matter throughout the process was also conducted. The data presented here suggest a relationship between the molar mass of the PAHs and the ability of the vermicomposting process to promote biodegradation. These results suggest that vermicomposting has great potential to be utilized as a tool for the bioremediation of soils impacted by PAHs. 相似文献
70.
Marize Pereira Miagostovich Flávia Ramos Guimarães Carmen Baur Vieira Tulio Machado Fumian Nilson Porto da Gama Matias Victoria Jaqueline Mendes de Oliveira Anna Carolina de Oliveira Mendes Ana Maria Coimbra Gaspar José Paulo Gagliardi Leite 《Food and environmental virology》2014,6(2):110-115
The preservation of water resources is one of the goals of the designation of parks that act as natural reservoirs. In order to assess the impact of the presence of humans in an environmental preservation area bordering urban areas, the presence of four pathogenic enteric viruses [group A rotavirus (RV-A), norovirus (NoV), human adenoviruses (HAdV), and hepatitis A virus (HAV)], as well as the physico-chemical parameters, and Escherichia coli levels were assessed in riverine water samples. From June 2008 to May 2009, monthly monitoring was performed along the Engenho Novo River. RV-A, NoV, and HAdV were observed in 29 % (31/108) of the water samples, with concentrations of up to 103 genome copies/liter. The natural occurrence of infectious HAdV was demonstrated by Integrated Cell Culture-PCR (ICC-PCR). This study confirms the suitability of using the detection of fecal-oral transmitted viruses as a marker of human fecal contamination in water matrices and indicates the spread of pathogenic viruses occurring in an alleged area of environmental protection. 相似文献