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71.
The Mantel correlogram is an elegant way to compute a correlogram for multivariate data. However, recent papers raised concerns about the power of the Mantel test itself. Hence the question: Is the Mantel correlogram powerful enough to be useful? To explore this issue, we compared the performances of the Mantel correlogram to those of other methods, using numerical simulations based on random, normally distributed data. For a single response variable, we compared it to the Moran and Geary correlograms. Type I error rates of the three methods were correct. Power of the Mantel correlogram was nearly as high as that of the univariate methods. For the multivariate case, the test of the multivariate variogram developed in the context of multiscale ordination is in fact a Mantel test, so that the power of the two methods is the same by definition. We devised an alternative permutation test based on the variance, which yielded similar results. Overall, the power of the Mantel test was high, the method successfully detecting spatial correlation at rates similar to the permutation test of the variance statistic in multivariate variograms. We conclude that the Mantel correlogram deserves its place in the ecologist's toolbox. 相似文献
72.
Stephane Denis Roberto Renzoni Jean L. Fontaine Albert Germain Louis Corman Pierre Gilson 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(3-4):155-163
Cement industry is an interesting way to eliminate combustible wastes. Thermal valorization is maximal, conditions of combustion are especially favorable to the destruction and the trapping of pollutants, and there are neither ultimate residues (slag) nor aqueous rejects. Moreover the properties of the cement are not modified. Nevertheless the increased use of substitution fuel may lead to deal with unusual amounts of heavy metals. Tests were realized on several rotary cement kilns with varying substitution ratios of fossil fuels by wastes. Mass balances were fitted over the whole plant, and emission factors were explained. 相似文献
73.
Christine Errard Abraham Hefetz Pierre Jaisson 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2006,59(3):353-363
To investigate the role of template plasticity in shaping nest-mate recognition processes in ants, we constructed experimental
mixed-species groups of Manica rubida with either Myrmica rubra, Tetramorium bicarinatum or Formica selysi. Selecting Ma. rubida as the focal species, we observed the behaviour within mixed-species groups and the transfer rates of cuticular hydrocarbons
(CHC) onto the focal ants, and we also tested the aggression of the focal species reared either alone or in association with
each of the three different species. We show that Ma. rubida workers were always amicable towards their mixed group members, as towards members of the respective parental colonies, irrespective
of the associated species. They did, however, express different levels of aggression towards single-species groups of the
other species tested, depending on the species with which they were reared. The study suggests that similarity in CHC profiles
in two species leads to a narrow template in mixed groups, while dissimilarity is followed by lower levels of aggression (a
broader template), at least against species with similar CHC compound compositions (i.e. both a broader template in the focal
ants and familiarity with the compound groups of the tested individuals operate together). This refutes the hypothesis that
ants reared in mixed-species groups are systematically more tolerant. It also demonstrates that heterospecific information
is not treated equally during development. We suggest that post-imaginal learning, template reforming and decision making
are more precisely tuned when the two species' chemical complexes are similar. 相似文献
74.
75.
Sow M Durrieu G Briollais L Ciret P Massabuau JC 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,182(1-4):155-170
The high-frequency measurements of valve activity in bivalves (e.g., valvometry) over a long period of time and in various environmental conditions allow a very accurate study of their behaviors as well as a global analysis of possible perturbations due to the environment. Valvometry uses the bivalve's ability to close its shell when exposed to a contaminant or other abnormal environmental conditions as an alarm to indicate possible perturbations in the environment. The modeling of such high-frequency serial valvometry data is statistically challenging, and here, a nonparametric approach based on kernel estimation is proposed. This method has the advantage of summarizing complex data into a simple density profile obtained from each animal at every 24-h period to ultimately make inference about time effect and external conditions on this profile. The statistical properties of the estimator are presented. Through an application to a sample of 16 oysters living in the Bay of Arcachon (France), we demonstrate that this method can be used to first estimate the normal biological rhythms of permanently immersed oysters and second to detect perturbations of these rhythms due to changes in their environment. We anticipate that this approach could have an important contribution to the survey of aquatic systems. 相似文献
76.
Christian Mougin Claude Jolivalt Pierre Briozzo Catherine Madzak 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2003,1(2):145-148
Laccases are multicopper oxidases mainly secreted by filamentous fungi. Producing radical forms from organic substrates, they
are involved in numerous reactions leading to the degradation and polymerization of xenobiotics. Our studies have led to a
better knowledge of the structural, catalytic and genetic properties of laccases and allowed to develop a strategy for their
evolution through genetic engineering. Here, we show that fungal laccases, wild or engineered, may be potent tools to develop
bioremediation processes of soils polluted by organic compounds, and assays to assess the ecotoxicological impact of these
pollutants on soil fungi. 相似文献
77.
78.
79.
Classical sampling methods often miss important components of coral reef biodiversity, notably organisms that remain sheltered
within the coral matrix. Recent studies using sea kraits (sea snakes) as bio-indicators suggest that the guild of predators
represented by anguilliform fish (Congridae, Muraenidae, Ophichthidae, henceforth “eels” for simplicity) were far more abundant
and diverse than previously suspected. In the current study, eel diversity (similarity and species richness indices) estimated
via sea snake sampling (SSS) was compared among six areas of one of the main oceanic biodiversity hotspot of the Pacific Ocean
(southwest lagoon of New Caledonia). Based on the eel diversity in the snakes’ diet, the results obtained in six areas, in
two snake species, and using different estimates (ANOSIM, Shannon index…) were consistent, suggesting that SSS provided robust
information. Analyses also suggested subtle, albeit significant, differences in the eel assemblages among islets. Such spatial
differences are discussed in light of local management practices. As SSS is easy to use, cost-effective, and provides the
best picture of eel assemblages to date, it can be employed to monitor the eel assemblages in addition to the snakes themselves
in many areas of the Indo-Pacific Ocean, thereby providing an index of the top predator biodiversity of many coral reefs. 相似文献
80.
Vincent Métivier Bernard Massicotte Alain Tremblay Pierre Dupuis 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2018,190(1):38
As part of a large hydroelectric project in northern Québec (Canada), a portion of the flow of the Rupert River was diverted toward the existing La Grande hydroelectric complex. As a result of the partial diversion, the discharge of the Rupert River at its mouth is reduced by an average of 50% annually. This corresponds to an 18% decrease in the total freshwater inflow into the bay and, thus, to a shift of the upstream limit of the saltwater intrusion in Rupert Bay. Changes in saltwater intrusion had been predicted numerically as part of the project’s environmental impact assessment (EIA). In the project’s conditions of authorization, monitoring the hydraulic conditions and the extent of saltwater intrusion in the Rupert Bay was required by government authorities. The objective of this paper is to present the results of this environmental monitoring and, more specifically, to validate the modifications predicted in the EIA in terms of both saltwater intrusion limit and hydraulic conditions in the Rupert Bay. Results obtained during 2 years of monitoring are within the predicted trends and order of magnitude of changes anticipated in the EIA. The results, thus, confirm that the shift of the upstream limit of the saltwater front along the channels of the bay was conservatively predicted by numerical modeling. 相似文献