大气环境中二硫化碳分析方法的选择研究

应用气相色谱Ｎｉ＾６３电子捕获检测器，在用６２０１红色担体为基体，涂１０％ＯＶ－１０１固定液的玻璃柱上，以甲苯作吸收液，对空气中ＣＳ２进行定量检测，其最低检出浓度可达０．００５ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，方法精密度好，ＳＯ２和Ｈ２Ｓ等不干扰测定，经现场实际测试，能适用于大气环境中微量ＣＳ２的分析。     

黄河中游水保措施对入黄干支流泥沙特性的影响:Ⅰ. 泥沙粒径变化

过去关于水土保持措施影响的研究多侧重于减水减沙的影响,对泥沙组成影响的研究则相对较少。本文以大量的实测资料为依据,以河口至龙门间区域自然与水土保持条件为背景,将水保措施类型、河道水流泥沙条件与流域地貌条件结合考虑,借助统计分析方法对采用水保措施前后该区域（尤其是与黄河中游水土流失密切相关的黄土高原与沙砾丘陵区域）的泥沙粒径分布变化进行了探讨。分析表明,泥沙粒径分布变化极其复杂,对应于不同地貌类型条件的泥沙组成遵循不同的分布规律。黄土丘陵区河流中的悬移质泥沙级配服从正态分布规律,而沙砾丘陵区河流中的泥沙级配则服从皮Ⅲ型分布规律。当分布函数的类型确定后,泥沙粒径分布由该分布函数的几个参数共同决定,这些参数分别反映了泥沙从流域表层搬运到对应级别河流的过程中地貌形态及水土保持措施的影响。文中由多学科综合研究得到的结论,对黄河中游水土保持效益研究具有重要意义。     

重庆颗粒物中TSP和自然干沉降来源识别

本文用主成分分析法和聚类分析法分别对TSP和干沉降的来源进行了分析,并得出颗粒物中不同元素分别来源于燃煤、燃油、风砂、扬尘等的结论.     

Role of interfacial electron transfer reactions on sulfamethoxazole degradation by reduced nontronite activating H2O2

It has been documented that organic contaminants can be degraded by hydroxyl radicals ( • OH) produced by the activation of H₂ O₂ by Fe(II)-bearing clay. However, the interfacial electron transfer reactions between structural Fe(II) and H 2 O 2 for • OH generation and its effects on contaminant remediation are unclear. In this study, we first investigated the relation between • OH generation sites and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation by activating H₂O₂ using nontronite with different reduction extents. SMX (5.2–16.9 μmol/L) degradation first increased and then decreased with an increase in the reduction extent of nontronite from 22% to 62%, while the • OH production increased continually. Passivization treatment of edge sites and structural variation results revealed that interfacial electron transfer reactions between Fe(II) and H 2 O 2 occur at both the edge and basal plane. The enhancement on basal plane interfacial electron transfer reactions in a high reduction extent rNAu-2 leads to the enhancement on utilization efficiencies of structural Fe(II) and H 2 O 2 for • OH generation.However, the • OH produced at the basal planes is less efficient in oxidizing SMX than that of at edge sites. Oxidation of SMX could be sustainable in the H 2 O 2 /rNAu-2 system through chemically reduction. The results of this study show the importance role of • OH generation sites on antibiotic degradation and provide guidance and potential strategies for antibiotic degradation by Fe(II)-bearing clay minerals in H 2 O 2 -based treatments.     

Ozonation of refractory chemicals in leachate with hydrogen peroxide

Nearly 97% of organic chemicals in Hong Kong leachate could be effectively removed by the UASB( upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) process followed by the fenton coagulation. The COD of leachate was lowered from an average of 12900 mg/L to 1440 mg/L after the UASB treatment, and was further lowered to 394 mg/L after the fenton coagulation. The remaining refractory residues could be further removed by ozonation with the addition of H2Oz. The ozonation for the supernatant of the fenton coagulation was most effective at pH 7-8, with the addition of 300 mg/L of H202, and 30 min of reaction. The final effluent contained only 85 mg/L of COD and 10 mg/L of BOD5. On the other hand, direct ozonation of UASB effluent lowered the COD to 905 mg/L and BOD5 to 103 mg/L. Ozonation improved the biodegradability of the organic residues, and also converted oart of oruanic-N in the leachate into NH3-N and NO3^- -N.     

紫外差分光学吸收法测量污染气体的实验研究

采用差分光学吸收光谱法，对紫外波段的SO2、NO、NO2污染气体吸收光谱进行了测量．得到了紫外波段的差分吸收截面．提出的分波段计算方法对混合气体测量的误差达到15％以内，测量精度与所选测量波段有关．     

废物处理处置企业在推行清洁生产中的作用

文章阐述了废物处理处置企业也要进行清洁生产,废物处理处置企业根据自身特点推行清洁生产,发挥提高废物处理的资源化利用水平和最终排放质量,对废物产生源施加影响和控制,为推行清洁生产提供信息反馈和决策支持的作用.     

滤料对微细粒子过滤性能实验研究

滤料是捕集微细粒子的最有效材料,其性能直接影响着除尘效果。本文研究了不同风速下不同克重、不同透气度的涤纶针刺滤料和PTFE水刺滤料的分级计数效率、PM_(2.5)计重效率性能。结果表明,过滤效率随克重的增大而增大,随过滤风速的增大而减小;如过滤直径为2.5μm的粒子,1.5 m/min风速下涤纶针刺毡的克重从500 g/m~2增加到600 g/m~2时效率从69.97%增加到81.84%;风速从1.5 m/min增加到3.0 m/min时,500 g/m~2涤纶针刺毡的效率从69.97%减小到44.69%。     

滇池疏浚底泥中重金属对蔬菜种植生态安全的影响

滇池疏浚底泥富含蔬菜需求的营养成分,农用可提高土壤保水肥能力,改良土壤的适耕性,有利于植物的生长发育,有一定的增产效果,但可能存在重金属污染问题。通过底泥试验及加入石灰钝化试验,对生菜、白菜、棒菜和萝卜4种蔬菜施用疏浚底泥作为有机肥进行种植,分析底泥农用后其重金属对蔬菜的影响,并进行风险评价。结果表明,盆栽试验中,底泥施用量控制在5%(0.05 kg/kg)内且加入石灰改良后,蔬菜中Cu和Cd含量显著降低,但对Pb、Zn效果不明显。叶菜类蔬菜(生菜、白菜、棒菜)重金属富集能力(BCF)从大到小均表现为Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu,而块茎类萝卜BCF表现为Cd、Zn、Pb、Cu。研究表明,化学致癌物Cd与非化学致癌物Pb、Zn、Cu引起的健康风险均在终身可接受风险水平。