经济增长的生态环境代价及思考

以可持续发展理论为指导，分析了重庆市经济增长的生态环境代价，对目前的经济增长方式作了深刻反思、据测算、重庆市仅生态破坏、大气污染、水污染造成的经济损失就占全市ＧＤＰ的１６．１％。要改变不合理的发展方式，必须落实可持续发展的发展战略、转变经济增长方式，增加生态环境保护投入，加强资源与环境核算和环境法制工作。     

研究室QHSE体系管理工作的探讨

QHSE管理体系即质量、环境、职业健康、安全管理体系,是企业依据GB/T19001、GB/T24001、GB/T28001及Q/SY2.2-2001的要求而制定的.该体系突出预防为主、领导承诺、全员参与、持续改进,在目前激烈的国际市场竞争中,已经成为石油企业实现现代化管理,走向国际市场的准行证.     

微波诱导氧化处理雅格素红BF-3B150%染料废水的研究

以颗粒活性炭为催化剂 ,建立了微波诱导氧化工艺 ,对雅格素红BF 3B15 0 %染料废水进行了有效处理 .分别考查了废水初始浓度、微波功率、微波辐照时间、活性炭粒径、活性炭用量和废水pH值对废水处理效果的影响 .该工艺对稀释 10 0倍后的实际废水 (原水COD为 2 82 4 0mg·L-1)最佳处理工艺条件为 :微波辐照时间 6min、微波辐射功率 6 5 0W、活性炭用量为 8g、活性炭粒径 2 0目以下 ,微波诱导催化氧化在酸性条件下比在碱性条件下的处理效果要好 .在此工艺条件下 ,废水脱色率达99 6 %、COD去除率达 96 8% .微波辐射雅格素红染料废水脱色表观反应动力学研究表明 ,该反应近似一级反应 ,动力学常数为 0 735 1min-1,半衰期为 0 94min .微波诱导氧化、活性炭吸附和单纯微波辐射 3种不同工艺的对比实验表明 ,微波诱导氧化工艺具有明显的优越性 ,且不会对环境造成二次污染     

Influencing factors and prediction of ambient Peroxyacetyl nitrate concentration in Beijing, China

Peroxyacyl nitrates (PANs) are important secondary pollutants in ground-level atmosphere. Accurate prediction of atmospheric pollutant concentrations is crucial to guide effective precautions for before and during specific pollution events. In this study, four models based on the back-propagation (BP) artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple linear regression (MLR) methods were used to predict the hourly average PAN concentrations at Peking University, Beijing, in 2014. The model inputs were atmospheric pollutant data and meteorological parameters. Model 3 using a BP-ANN based on the original variables achieved the best prediction results among the four models, with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.7089, mean bias error of ? 0.0043 ppb, mean absolute error of 0.4836?ppb, root mean squared error of 0.5320?ppb, and Willmott's index of agreement of 0.8214. Based on a comparison of the performance indices of the MLR and BP-ANN models, we concluded that the BP-ANN model was able to capture the highly non-linear relationships between PAN concentration and the conventional atmospheric pollutant and meteorological parameters, providing more accurate results than the traditional MLR models did, with a markedly higher goodness of R. The selected meteorological and atmospheric pollutant parameters described a sufficient amount of PAN variation, and thus provided satisfactory prediction results. More specifically, the BP-ANN model performed very well for capturing the variation pattern when PAN concentrations were low. The findings of this study address some of the existing knowledge gaps in this research field and provide a theoretical basis for future regional air pollution control.     

毛细管气相色谱法衍生化的最优催化剂

衍生化处理对于气相色谱检验环境中微量有机物有着重要的作用,酯化反应作为最常用的方法,正越来越广泛的运用在多种酸性物质的衍生化处理中。根据酯化反应催化原理,在实验中发现反应的最佳条件为:温度为80℃,选用硫酸氢钠或三氯化铁催化剂,催化剂用量为2g。     

袋式除尘器在电炉烟尘治理上的应用

结合工程实例，介绍了“低阻、中温、大流量”除尘系统工艺在电炉上的应用，以及除尘系统各组成部分的性能特点和所采用的关键技术，阐述了关键技术的理论依据、设计原则和设计参数。     

舞阳、襄城盐湖盆地未熟油地球化学特征、判别标志及成因

通过对舞阳、襄城凹陷原油及烃源岩样品的有机地化分析 ,研究了该区未熟油地球化学特征、判别标志及成因类型。认为盐湖盆地原油具“两高、两低”特征 ,族组成上表现为饱和烃含量较低 ,“非烃 +沥青质”含量较高。正烷烃呈双峰态分布 ,OEP值 >1。具植烷优势 ,Pr/Ph <0 .2 5。萜烷以伽玛蜡烷含量高 ,Tm/Ts >1。脱羟基维生素E普遍存在 ,其分布型式主要有倒“V”字型和不对称“V”字型。根据C2 9甾烷 2 0S/ (2 0S +2 0R) ,C2 9甾烷 ββ/ (ββ +αα) ,C3 2 藿烷 2 2S/ (2 2S +2 2R)等成熟度参数 ,认为原油属于未熟油。伽玛蜡烷、脱羟基维生素E及碳同位素组成特征反映原油属咸水湖相、盐湖相成因。     

成都市环境污染源初探

选择成都某工矿企业,以元素地球化学评价为主体,利用X荧光分析方法对表层土、深层土、煤渣、煤灰、浮尘样的4个重金属元素进行定量分析,初步进行工矿企业周边生态环境评价,进而评价工矿企业对成都市环境的影响状况。研究结果表明,工矿企业燃媒是影响城市环境的一个主要污染源。     

Metagenomic insights into responses of microbial population and key functional genes to fulvic acid during partial nitritation

The long-term impact of fulvic acid (FA) on partial nitritation (PN) system was initially examined in this study. The obtained results revealed that the FA lower than 50 mg/L had negligible effect on the nitrite accumulation rate (NAR nearly 100%) and ammonium removal rate (ARR 56.85%), while FA over 50 mg/L decreased ARR from 56.85% to 0.7%. Sludge characteristics analysis found that appropriate FA (<50 mg/L) exposure promoted the settling performance and granulation of PN sludge by removing Bacteroidetes and accumulating Chloroflexi. The analysis of metagenomics suggested that the presence of limited FA (0-50 mg/L) stimulated the generation of NADH, which favors the denitrification and nitrite reduction. The negative impact of FA on the PN system could be divided into two stages. Initially, limited FA (50-120 mg/L) was decomposed by Anaerolineae to stimulate the growth and propagation of heterotrophic bacteria (Thauera). Increasing heterotrophs competed with AOB (Nitrosomonas) for dissolved oxygen, causing AOB to be eliminated and ARR to declined. Subsequently, when FA dosage was over 120 mg/L, Anaerolineae were inhibited and heterotrophic bacteria reduced, resulting in the abundance of AOB recovered. Nevertheless, the ammonium transformation pathway was suppressed because genes amoABC and hao were obviously reduced, leading to the deterioration of reactor performance. Overall, these results provide theoretical guidance for the practical application of PN for the treatment of FA-containing sewage.