长江常熟段排污口布置方案数值模拟论证研究

为合理确定常熟氟化工项目排污口布置方案 ,本文在分析长江常热段水环境特征的基础上 ,针对其复杂的水下地形和水流流场 ,建立了较为准确和实用的平面二维水流水质耦合数学模型 ,预测计算了三套方案污水对重点保护水域影响程度和范围 ,并从水流流场、水质影响评价、技术经济多角度对方案进行了比较论证 ,最终推荐污水江中排放的方案 ,为项目的工程设计和环境管理提供了科学依据。     

国内大城市煤改气工程的费用-效益分析

国内大城市以PM10和SO2为主要污染物的煤烟型污染十分严重,因而天然气作为煤的清洁替代品已越来越受到人们的重视。过去天然气作为宝贵的战略资源多被用作化工原料,而对是否应将其作为城市民用燃料存有争论。本研究以北京和重庆为案例城市,对大城市中实施大规模的“煤改气”工程进行了详尽的费用－效益分析（CBA）。其中,采用Rowe与Ostro的剂量－反应函数详细估算了天然气替代煤后产生的外部效益。结果表明,在人口和经济活动高度集中的大城市,使用天然气作民用燃料能有效降低非点源大气污染物排放和低空污染物浓度,产生明显的环境效益,因而具有显著的效益－费用比较优势。最后,本文对激励天然气在大城市的推广提出了环境经济政策建议。     

柯树背岩体铀金成矿远景分析

本文在研究柯树背岩体矿物岩石学特征基础上 ,通过对该岩体的铀金成矿元素丰度、铀金矿化类型、铀金矿石物质成分及成矿阶段的划分、矿脉的铀金含量及其相关关系、围岩蚀变及原生晕特点、铀金矿化控制因素的详细研究 ,从岩体的放射性地质地球化学特点、岩体蚀变及剥蚀强度、岩石化学及稀土元素地球化学、矿脉向深部的变化趋势等几个方面分析了该岩体的铀金成矿远景及今后找矿工作的意见 ,指出该岩体西体南部断续出现的柯树背—隘高断裂上盘 1km范围与下寮—大坑里断裂夹持区为铀金成矿远景区。     

Design of policy mechanism to promote cleaner production in China

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣｌｅａｎｅｒｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ (ＣＰ)ｈｏｌｄｓｇｒｅａｔｐｒｏｍｉｓｅａｓａｎｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｓｔｒａｔｅｇｙｉｎｔｈｅｆａｃｅｏｆｄｏｕｂｌｅｃｈａｌｌｅｎｇｅｓｏｆｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ.Ｉｎ 1993,ａｄｅｍｏｎｓｔｒａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｊｅｃｔ (Ｂ 4ｐｒｏｊｅｃｔ) ,ｄｅｓｉｇｎｅｄａｎｄｅｘｅｃｕｔｅｄｂｙｔｈｅＳｔａｔｅＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＰｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎＡｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｏｎ (…     

Zelluläre Wirkungen der ultravioletten Komponente des Sonnenlichts

The discussion on the possible increase of solar UV on earth due to the destruction of the stratospheric ozone has led to a renewed interest in the action of ultraviolet radiation on biological systems. The paper deals with changes at the cellular level stressing particularly molecular alterations in deoxyribonucleic acid, the carrier of genetic information. The most important repair processes by which lesions are removed or bypassed are described. It is also discussed whether the effectivity of a complex spectrum can be predicted on the basis of measurements with monochromatic radiation. Furthermore, possible consequences on human health are outlined which may be derived from cellular studies.     

Prenatal diagnosis of the fragile X using thymidine induction

Eleven pregnancies in ten patients at risk for the fragile X were monitored by amniocentesis or chorion villus biopsy and induction of the fragile site using thymidine, methotrexate and FUdR. Three female fetuses and one male fetus were found to have the fragile X. The results obtained using thymidine induction were superior to those using methotrexate induction and probably better than those obtained using FUdR induction.     

Hydrogen storage and distribution systems

Hydrogen storage and transportation or distribution is closely linked together. Hydrogen can be distributed continuously in pipelines or batch wise by ships, trucks, railway or airplanes. All batch transportation requires a storage system but also pipelines can be used as pressure storage system. Hydrogen exhibits the highest heating value per weight of all chemical fuels. Furthermore, hydrogen is regenerative and environment friendly. There are two reasons why hydrogen is not the major fuel of toady’s energy consumption: First of all, hydrogen is just an energy carrier. And, although it is the most abundant element in the universe, it has to be produced, since on earth it only occurs in the form of water. This implies that we have to pay for this energy, which results in a difficult economic task, because since the industrialization we are used to consuming energy for free. The second difficulty with hydrogen as an energy carrier is the low critical temperature of 33 K, i.e. hydrogen is a gas at room temperature. For mobile and in many cases also for stationary applications the volumetric and gravimetric density of hydrogen in a storage system is crucial. Hydrogen can be stored by six different methods and phenomena: high pressure gas cylinders (up to 800 bar), liquid hydrogen in cryogenic tanks (at 21 K), adsorbed hydrogen on materials with a large specific surface area (at T < 100 K), absorbed on interstitial sites in a host metal (at ambient pressure and temperature), chemically bond in covalent and ionic compounds (at ambient pressure), oxidation of reactive metals e.g. Li, Na, Mg, Al, Zn with water. These metals easily react with water to the corresponding hydroxide and liberate the hydrogen from the water. Finally, the metal hydroxides can be thermally reduced to the metals in a solar furnace.     

太阳光助Fenton体系氧化降解苯酚废水的研究

探讨了太阳光助Fenton体系对苯酚的氧化降解。结果表明，太阳光能有效地增强Fenton试剂对苯酚的氧化降解，在晴天较强太阳光照下，Fenton试剂可在较短时间内使较高浓度的苯酚完全矿化。反应体系的初始pH值及Fe^2 用量均对苯酚的氧化降解有明显影响，反应的适宜pH值在3—4的酸性范围内；适量Fe^2 参与的太阳光—Fenton反应有助于苯酚的降解，但过高的Fe^2 用量反而不利于苯酚的降解。实验结果还表明，采用分批多次投加的方式可明显提高氧化剂H202的利用效率，降低H202的消耗量；苯酚废水降解的主要中间产物为苯醌和有机酸；一定程度的太阳光—Fenton预氧化处理可使废水的BOD5／C02cr比值由0.10捉高到0.32，可生化性明显提高。     

岩溶石笋的古环境研究进展

全球变化研究的热点问题是获得十年到百年甚至年月分辨的气候变化规律。岩溶石笋因其诸多优点 ,将在古环境研究中发挥越来越重要的作用。本文从当前研究的现状出发 ,在石笋微层年层对比、微层形成机制、稳定同位素记录、灰度、生长率、微量元素以及紫外激光诱发荧光等方面的研究进行了综述 ,并结合自身研究成果 ,提出了自己的看法