发制品废水处理工程设计及运行

采用气浮+接触氧化池工艺处理某发制品废水,介绍了各处理构筑物、运行参数及经济技术指标。运行结果表明:该工艺处理发制品废水,最终出水指标为:ρ(COD)=90 mg/L、ρ(BOD5)=25 mg/L、ρ(SS)=75 mg/L、ρ(NH3-N)=20 mg/L、色度=69倍,其出水水质达GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》二级标准。     

谷壳灰对稻田土壤镉、砷生物有效性及糙米镉、砷累积的影响

为研究富硅材料谷壳灰（HA）对稻田土壤Cd、As生物有效性及糙米中Cd、As累积的影响,以稻壳为原料制备中性HA（总硅量6.26×10⁵ mg·kg^-1）,开展水稻盆栽试验.HA按质量比设置4个添加水平（0、0.5%、1%、2%）,种植3种水稻（黄华占、湘晚籼13、隆优4945）.研究结果表明：①在土壤Cd总量为2.30 mg·kg^-1、As总量为90.45 mg·kg^-1的复合污染土壤中,HA施用后,与对照相比,土壤Cd的TCLP提取态、CaCl₂提取态及酸可提取态含量呈现不同程度的降低,分别降低了7.8%~18.7%、7.4%~18.7%、0.9%~16.7%;土壤As的交换态和TCLP提取态含量也有降低,分别降低了6.1%~47.1%、4.3%~26.7%.②HA施用可促进土壤中酸可提取态Cd向难溶态Cd的转变,水稻湘晚籼13、隆优4945根际土壤残渣态Cd含量分别增大9.8%~23.5%、5.9%~28.1%;土壤中As主要以残渣态存在,HA的施用对土壤专性吸附As含量有增大效应.③HA施用能够降低糙米中Cd和无机As含量,施用0.5%~2% HA能使水稻隆优4945和湘晚籼13糙米Cd含量降低到0.2 mg·kg^-1以下,施用2% HA能使黄华占糙米无机As含量降低到0.2 mg·kg^-1以下.施用HA能够有效降低土壤Cd、As生物有效性和糙米Cd、As含量,同时增大土壤有效Si含量,有利于提高土壤质量.     

脱硫灰用作钙质材料制备蒸压加气混凝土砖块

为实现半干法脱硫灰的资源化利用,采用半干法脱硫灰作为蒸压加气混凝土砖块中的钙质材料。对脱硫灰进行预处理,使其在含水量20%条件下消化2 h后,烘干。在其他条件不变情况下,掺入经过预处理后的脱硫灰,砖块的抗压强度会有明显的提高。增加经过预处理后的脱硫灰的掺入量,可以在不影响砖块的抗压强度性能的基础之上,降低砖块的干燥收缩值和导热系数,同时提高砖块的抗冻性能和保温隔热性能。     

B,N和Ce共掺杂TiO_2催化剂光催化活性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出B,N和Ce共掺杂TiO2光催化剂,并用XRD、SEM等表征了其结构特征。以酸性大红染料溶液的光催化降解为探针反应,考察了制备条件对共掺杂TiO2催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,在400℃,当B,N和Ce的原子比为1∶2∶0.1,焙烧3 h时,光催化剂活性最大,大红染料的降解率达到98%。     

扰动法在风网解算中的应用研究*

为简化矿井通风复杂风网的解算,提出将扰动法引入到风网解算中,并介绍扰动法的原理、风网解算的基本定律;给出常见的固定风压、固定风量和给定风机性能函数3种风机工况下的扰动方程矩阵表达式及详细的计算过程;对所提风网解算方法进行实例验证。结果表明:扰动法作为固定运算次数的近似方法,在工程实际允许的误差范围内,相比于以牛顿法为代表的迭代法耗时少、不依赖初值,是1种简单实用的风网解算方法。     

Effects of photovoltaic panels on soil temperature and moisture in desert areas

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Photovoltaic power generation is an important clean energy alternative to fossil fuels. To reduce CO2 emissions, the Chinese government has ordered...     

MTMD对高速铁路32m预应力混凝土简支箱梁竖向振动特性的影响分析

为降低京沪高速铁路苏州北站候车厅受桥梁振动的影响,拟在正线32m预应力混凝土简支箱梁内安装多重调频质量阻尼器(MTMD)。通过建立车—桥—MTMD竖向动力分析模型,分析MTMD对32m简支箱梁竖向振动特性的影响。计算结果表明,加装MTMD后,32m简支箱梁一阶竖向自振频率有所降低,32m简支箱梁的竖向振动响应明显减小。     

Growth and photosynthesis responses of Phaeodactylum tricornutum to dissolved organic matter from salt marsh plant and sediment

The effects of allochthonous dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the growth and photosynthesis of Phaeodactylum tricornutum were investigated. P. tricornutum incubated in f/2 medium was exposed to DOM additives, which were extracted from the plant and sediment samples of a salt marsh in North Branch of the Yangtze estuary, China. During 12 days incubation, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of P. tricornutum were measured by a Phyto-PAM phytoplankton analyzer. Spectral properties of DOM in algae filtrates were also observed. The concentrations of chlorophyll a, active chlorophyll a, and the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II significantly decreased after four days of incubation, suggesting that the growth and photosynthetic e ciency of P. tricornutum were inhibited. After adding sediment-DOM extract, both a250/a365 (the ratio of the absorption coe cients at 250 and 365 nm) and S values (spectral slope coe cients) of algae filtrates declined in the first two days, which demonstrated a loss of low molecular weight DOM. Parallel factor analysis of fluorescence spectra of DOM in algae filtrates revealed that DOM could be classified into two humic-like and two protein-like components. The fluorescence intensity of tyrosine-like component originating from algae increased significantly during incubation. This study supports the hypothesis that allochthonous DOM derived from salt marsh plant and sediment have a strong influence on the adjacent aquatic ecosystems.     

晋南两熟半干旱区“粮药”(半夏)农田生态抗旱耕作模式效益研究

采用大田试验,设计冬小麦(Triticum aestivum Linn.)在春季起身后套作半夏[Pinellia ternata(Thunb.)Breit.](小麦/半夏)、冬油菜(Brassica campestris L.)收获后复播半夏[Pinellia ternata(Thunb.)Breit.](油菜-半夏)和春玉米(Zea mays L.)与半夏[Pinellia ternata(Thunb.)Breit.]间作(玉米+半夏)3种耕作模式,探讨晋南两熟半干旱区适宜半夏的粮药耕作模式。结果表明:与油菜-半夏、玉米+半夏耕作模式相比,小麦/半夏耕作模式经济产量最高,生态效益最好;不同半夏品种中,西河半夏(原产地温度相对最低)产量最高,新绛半夏(原产地温度相对较高)产量最低。表明半夏适宜于从低温地区引种到高温地区栽培,可提高产量。与商洛半夏和新绛半夏相比,西河半夏分别增产19.1%和41.9%;小麦/半夏耕作模式为最佳粮药耕作模式,其半夏产量与油菜-半夏和玉米+半夏耕作模式相比,分别增产53.4%和70.8%。