“一带一路”倡议背景下哈萨克斯坦地区综合脆弱性的空间分异特征分析

系统评估沿线国家环境社会系统的发展状态,识别典型地区的脆弱性特征,对于绿色"一带一路"建设至关重要。本文集成了脆弱性与恢复力的概念内涵,构建了综合脆弱性评价指标体系,利用TOPSIS法和障碍度模型对哈萨克斯坦各州的综合脆弱性进行系统评价,分析其空间分异特征和影响因素。结果显示:(1)哈萨克斯坦综合脆弱性总体上处于中度水平,空间上呈现西高东低的特点,西部各要素脆弱性均处于中高位,东部整体脆弱性相对较低,中部则呈现多样性特征;(2)要素间关系复杂,脆弱性降低的瓶颈因素主要集中在资源使用和保障、社会系统保障等方面;(3)系统提升哈萨克斯坦环境社会系统的韧性,需要强化产业结构转型、基础设施建设与生态环境保护,在这些方面中国可以提供强有力的合作条件与经验。     

Nitrogen transfer from one plant to another depends on plant biomass production between conspecific and heterospecific species via a common arbuscular mycorrhizal network

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The formation of a common mycorrhizal network (CMN) between roots of different plant species enables nutrient transfers from one plant to another and...     

三种细菌降解直链烷烃的效果及降解动力学研究

从石油污染土壤中筛选出克雷白氏菌属(Klebsiellasp.,A5)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.,A6)和无色杆菌属(Achromobacter sp.,A10)3种石油烃降解菌,研究了其对石油烃中不同碳原子数的3种直链烷烃(正十四烷、正十五烷和正十六烷)的降解效果。结果表明:克雷白氏菌属对3种烷烃的降解能力相对较差;假单胞菌属对3种烷烃的降解效果较好,5d的降解率均达到80%以上,且对正十六烷的降解率高达95.9%;无色杆菌属对正十五烷和正十六烷也有较高的降解率,对正十五烷的降解率达80%以上,对正十六烷的降解率达90%以上。选取降解效果最好的假单胞菌属对正十六烷进行降解动力学研究,结果表明:当正十六烷初始含量为100mg/L、200mg/L、400mg/L和800mg/L时,其降解动力学与一级动力学方程拟合效果良好,其降解半衰期为1.79~3.22d;同时,降解过程中菌体浓度的变化显示,环境中的正十六烷含量越低,菌体的对数生长期越短,当正十六烷含量为100mg/L和200mg/L时,A6菌的对数生长期仅持续1d左右就进入稳定期,而当正十六烷含量达到400mg/L以上时,A6菌的对数生长期持续2d后,生长菌群总数处于平坦阶段。     

钛基催化剂制备及其光分解磷化氢性能

通过光催化将磷化氢(PH_3)分解为黄磷和氢气的技术,兼具环保效益和经济价值.采用化学镀法、化学沉淀法分别在溶胶凝胶法自制的TiO_2与商品P25表面负载Ni和Fe_3O_4,制成钛基负载型催化剂,研究其对PH_3光催化分解性能,并利用XRD、EDS、FT-IR、FESEM对催化剂的晶相结构、元素组分、表面官能团及表观形貌等进行表征和分析.结果表明,P25负载型催化剂具有良好的性能,在450℃、395 nm光照条件下,PH_3分解率接近100%,光照对催化分解磷化氢具有重要协同作用,应用前景广阔.同时,验证了Ni和Fe_3O_4是催化剂的高效活性相,对于PH_3分解至关重要.     

电絮凝处理牛仔布印染废水

用铁分别作为电絮凝反应系统的阴极和阳极,研究电絮凝法对牛仔布印染废水的处理效果。考察了电极电压、反应时间和pH等因素对电絮凝法去除实验所用废水中COD和色度效果的影响。结果表明,电极电压和反应时间是主要的影响因素,pH次之。电极电压24 V,反应时间35 min,pH为7.4时,脱色率可达99%,COD去除率在70%左右,处理效果最佳。因此,电絮凝法可以作为印染废水的预处理工艺,有效降低废水COD和色度。     

Prevalence of drink-driving among adults in China: A nationally representative survey in 2010

Objective: We examined the prevalence of and characteristics associated with drink-driving in China. We compared this study's drink-driving findings with those from the United States to explore how effective traffic safety interventions from Western cultures might be adapted for use in China.

Methods: Data from the 2010 China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Survey were analyzed to describe the prevalence and characteristics associated with drink-driving in China.

Results: Overall, 1.5% of Chinese adults reported drink-driving in the past 30 days—3% of males and 0.1% of females. However, among males who had driven a vehicle in the past 30 days and consumed at least one alcoholic beverage in the past 30 days, 19% reported drink-driving during the 30-day period. Excessive drinking, binge drinking, nonuse of seat belts, and having been injured in a road traffic crash in the past year were most strongly associated with drink-driving among males.

Conclusions: Drink-driving is prevalent among male drivers in China. Although large differences exist between China and the United States in the proportion of adults who drive, the proportion who consume alcohol, and some of the personal characteristics of those who drink and drive, similarities between the 2 countries are present in patterns of risk behaviors among drink-driving. To reduce injuries and deaths from drink-driving, effective interventions from Western cultures need to be tailored for adoption in China.     

TS-1分子筛催化O3/H2O2氧化乙酸

研究了酸性条件下TS-1分子筛催化O3/H2O2体系(O3/H2O2/TS-1)对降解水中乙酸效率的影响,优化了相关工艺参数,并对其作用机理进行了分析。结果表明,在pH为2.8时,TS-1的加入能显著提高臭氧化的降解效率。优化工艺参数表明,当过氧化氢投加量为3 g/L,TS-1投加量为5 g/L时,O3/H2O2/TS-1体系对乙酸具有较高的降解率,60 min后O3/H2 O2/TS-1体系对乙酸(初始浓度为100 mg/L)的去除率达到了58.7%。当pH为0.8时,O3/H2 O2/TS-1体系对乙酸的去除率仅为19.8%,降解效果较差。定量化计算表明,O3/H2O2和O3/H2O2/TS-1的Rct分别为1.62×10-8和8.67×10-7。通过测定乙酸降解过程水样中过氧化氢和液相臭氧的浓度变化,推测了具体反应机理。由于此体系在酸性条件下对乙酸有较好的降解效果,拓宽了现有O3/H2O2体系的应用范围。     

TS-1分子筛催化O_3/H_2O_2氧化乙酸

研究了酸性条件下TS-1分子筛催化O3/H2O2体系（O3/H2O2/TS-1）对降解水中乙酸效率的影响,优化了相关工艺参数,并对其作用机理进行了分析。结果表明,在pH为2.8时,TS-1的加入能显著提高臭氧化的降解效率。优化工艺参数表明,当过氧化氢投加量为3 g/L,TS-1投加量为5 g/L时,O3/H2O2/TS-1体系对乙酸具有较高的降解率,60 min后O3/H2 O2/TS-1体系对乙酸（初始浓度为100 mg/L）的去除率达到了58.7%。当pH为0.8时,O3/H2 O2/TS-1体系对乙酸的去除率仅为19.8%,降解效果较差。定量化计算表明,O3/H2O2和O3/H2O2/TS-1的Rct分别为1.62×10-8和8.67×10-7。通过测定乙酸降解过程水样中过氧化氢和液相臭氧的浓度变化,推测了具体反应机理。由于此体系在酸性条件下对乙酸有较好的降解效果,拓宽了现有O3/H2O2体系的应用范围。     

强酸性硫化砷废渣的稳定固化

采用污泥、石灰、氧化镁和水泥等药剂稳定固化强酸性硫化砷废渣(简称砷渣)。以浸出液中砷的质量浓度为考核指标,采用正交实验考察了稳定化药剂加入量对废渣浸出毒性的影响。实验结果表明:污泥加入量是影响废渣浸出毒性的最主要因素;在m(污泥):m(砷渣)=2.0、m(石灰):m(砷渣)=1.0、m(氧化镁):m(砷渣)=0.10、m(水泥):m(砷渣)=0.3的最佳实验条件下,砷的浸出质量浓度由1780.00 mg/L降至1.37 mg/L,低于GB 18598—2001《危险废物填埋污染控制标准》中砷浸出质量浓度为2.5 mg/L的填埋限值;处理后废渣中其他金属的浸出质量浓度也低于标准限值。     

Investigation on the influence of the Bohai Sea Geological Environment on the submarine stratum stability based on data mining: an intelligent prediction model

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Bohai Sea has unique characteristics of the marine geological environment, with strong water closure and weak self-purification ability....