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801.
R. Gamberini D. Del Buono F. Lolli B. Rimini 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(11):2532-2540
The definition and utilisation of engineering indexes in the field of Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) is an issue of interest for technicians and scientists, which is widely discussed in literature. Specifically, the availability of consolidated engineering indexes is useful when new waste collection services are designed, along with when their performance is evaluated after a warm-up period. However, most published works in the field of MSWM complete their study with an analysis of isolated case studies. Conversely, decision makers require tools for information collection and exchange in order to trace the trends of these engineering indexes in large experiments. In this paper, common engineering indexes are presented and their values analysed in virtuous Italian communities, with the aim of contributing to the creation of a useful database whose data could be used during experiments, by indicating examples of MSWM demand profiles and the costs required to manage them. 相似文献
802.
The premise of this article is that the planning and design of new rest camps in conservation areas should be based on ecological
principles in such a way that the plant ecology within the camp be an integral part and extension of the natural ecology of
its immediate vicinity. This is desirable so that visitors to the camp will be provided not only with facilities for resting,
eating, and sleeping, but also be able to enjoy and study the natural environment in a relaxed atmosphere. The Berg-en-Dal
rest camp, which was established in Kruger National Park, was planned in such a way and designed according to the principles
outlined by the authors in a companion article.
The planning included six zones: a control zone, day visitor zone, overnight visitor zone, staff accommodation zone, recreation
zone, and service zone. The point is stressed that plant species selected to be used as additional vegetation to those already
growing in the camp were endemic to the nine landscape facets identified in the camp. The design allowed for separation of
the various land-use zones in such a way that they would complement each other rather than be a hindrance to each other. The
camp has been built according to the plans included in this article and has proved to be a great success. The conclusion is
drawn that the planning principles are sound and should be used in the future for the planning and design of rest camps for
conservation areas in South Africa. 相似文献
803.
Leo M. Eisel Kimberly M. Bradley Charles F Leaf 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1990,26(3):519-526
ABSTRACT: The consumptive loss from man-made snowmaking at six Colorado ski areas is calculated. The focus of the procedures in this investigation is on the consumptive loss that occurs to man-made snow particles during the period they reside on or in the snowpack until spring snowmelt (termed the watershed loss). Calculated watershed losses under a variety of precipitation and temperature conditions at six ski areas varied from 7 to 33 percent. These calculations were made using the calibrated Subalpine Water Balance Simulation Model (Leaf and Brink, 1973a, 1973b). The watershed loss of 7 to 33 percent indicates the range of likely watershed losses that can be expected at Colorado ski areas. A previous paper by the authors (Eisel et al., 1988) provided estimates of the mean consumptive loss during the snowmaking process (termed initial loss) for conditions existing at Colorado ski areas to be 6 percent of water applied. Therefore, based on the mean initial loss, the total consumptive loss from man-made snowmaking under conditions found at Colorado ski areas could be expected to range from 13 to 37 percent. These results demonstrate the range of total consumptive losses that could be expected in various years and for various watershed conditions. These total percentage losses cannot be extrapolated directly to other specific sites because the total consumptive loss is dependent on temperature during actual snowmaking, temperature and precipitation throughout the winter at the specific ski area, and watershed conditions at the ski area. Consumptive losses to man-made snow for a specific ski area should be estimated using the handbook procedures developed especially for this purpose (Colorado Ski Country USA, 1986b). 相似文献
804.
129I is one of the more hazardous nuclides occurring in radioactive waste. In the form of I−, its most likely speciation, it is poorly sorbed on most geologic media. Several workers have suggested the use of silver to precipitate I− as the insoluble AgI, in a cemented waste form, or as a “getter”. The efficacy of this procedure is examined by experiment, in conjunction with thermodynamic predictions.The addition of AgNO3 to Portland cement leads to coprecipitation with C-S-H, with low Ag solubilities ( 10 μmg/L); 2–;3 orders of magnitude lower than predicted (from Ag2O). AgI is stable in these matrices, with low aqueous I concentrations (<2 mg/L). In 85% BFS-15% OPC pastes, AgI is unstable due to redox and complexation reactions, with much I− passing into solution; concentrations up to 900 mg/L were observed. It is shown that repository conditions, on closure, are also likely to induce solubilisation of I− from AgI. It is concluded that the use of Ag is unlikely to significantly improve the immobilisation properties of the near field for radioiodine. 相似文献
805.
Summary The deposition of particulates emanating from the south of Nottingham, UK, where the coal-fired power station of Ratcliffe- on-Soar is an important industry was assessed using snow samples, dry deposition gauges, and precipitation gauges.Effects of leaf characteristics in terms of shape, surface area, presentation, and cuticular texture on particulate accumulation were examined. Leaves possessing a large surface area, rough cuticular surface and with a horizontal presentation, were particularly effective in the accumulation of particulates. The penetration of particulates through the foliar canopy is discussed.The senior author is Section Leader and Principal Lecturer in Ecology in the Department of Life Sciences at Trent Polytechnic. 相似文献
806.
Summary Plants and animals were investigated to ascertain their- radioactivity values on both dune sites (machair) and inter-tidal sites on the western coast of Barra, Outer Hebrides, UK. Material in both habitats was clearly contaminated. The accumulation of-radioactivity through food webs to organisms such asNucella lapillus (dog whelk) in the inter-tidal sites and in sheep and cattle in terrestrial sites is described.Dr F.B. Pyatt is the Section Leader and Principal Lecturer in Ecology in the Department of Life Sciences at Trent Polytechnic. Dr E.H. Beaumont was previously Lecturer in Zoology at St Hugh's College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. 相似文献
807.
J.J. Beauchamp D.J. Downing S.F. Railsback 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1989,25(5):961-975
ABSTRACT: Regression and time-series techniques have been used to synthesize and predict the stream flow at the Foresta Bridge gage from information at the upstream Pohono Bridge gage on the Merced River near Yosemite National Park. Using the available data from two time periods (calendar year 1979 and water year 1986), we evaluated the two techniques in their ability to model the variation in the observed flows and in their ability to predict stream flow at the Foresta Bridge gage for the 1979 time period with data from the 1986 time period. Both techniques produced reasonably good estimates and forecasts of the flow at the downstream gage. However, the regression model was found to have a significant amount of autocorrelation in the residuals, which the time-series model was able to eliminate. The time-series technique presented can be of great assistance in arriving at reasonable estimates of flow in data sets that have large missing portions of data. 相似文献
808.
809.
810.
William F. Porter Nancy E. Mathews H. Brian Underwood Richard W. Sage Jr. Donald F. Behrend 《Environmental management》1991,15(6):809-814
Populations of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) inhabiting many state and national parks and suburban areas have grown to the point that they conflict with human activities.
Conflicts range from destruction of vegetation through browsing to public perception that diseases carried by deer pose threats
to human health. Traditional modes of hunting to control populations are inappropriate in many of these areas because of intense
human development and activity. This article explores an alternative approach for population reduction based on deer social
organization. Female white-tailed deer are highly philopatric and female offspring remain near their dams for life. This suggests
that a population expands slowly as a series of overlapping home ranges in a form analogous to the petals on a rose. Incorporating
the rose petal concept into a model of population growth shows that removal of deer by family unit can potentially alleviate
conflicts in localized areas for as many as 10–15 yr. 相似文献