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61.
Javier Miranda Ihali Crespo Maria Angeles Morales 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2000,7(1):14-18
A receptor model is presented based on absolute principal component analysis (APCA) of elemental concentrations in atmospheric aerosols from Mexico City during the Summer of 1995. Elemental contents on samples collected with a Stacking Filter Unit of the Davis design was carried out using Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE). The sampling device allowed the separation of particles with mean aerodynamic diameters ranging from 2.5 μm to 15 μm (coarse fraction) and smaller than 2.5 μm (fine fraction). Sampling was divided into morning, afternoon and night periods, with higher concentrations being found during the morning. Seasonal variation is observed when comparisons with other studies are carried out. The application of APCA allowed identification of four sources for each fraction, with a soil-derived dust predominance in the coarse one. The influence of meteorological parameters is studied using cluster analysis, showing that during the morning there is a transport of pollutants from the west towards the sampling site, while the night transport corresponds to soil-derived dust from the north. 相似文献
62.
63.
Fernández Marilina Morales Gustavo M. Agostini Elizabeth González Paola S. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(25):20390-20400
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Acinetobacter guillouiae SFC 500-1A, a native bacterial strain isolated from tannery sediments, is able to simultaneously remove high concentrations... 相似文献
64.
Martínez Salvador M Mata-González R Morales Nieto C Valdez-Cepeda R 《Environmental management》2012,49(1):55-63
Agave salmiana is a native plant species harvested for the commercial production of mezcal (Agave spirits) in the highlands of central Mexico. The objective of this study was to identify vegetation changes in natural communities
where A. salmiana has been differentially harvested for commercial purposes. Three plant community categories were identified in the state
of Zacatecas based on their history of A. salmiana utilization: short (less than 10 years of use), moderate (about 25 years), and long (60 or more years). Species cover, composition,
and density were evaluated in field surveys by use category. A gradient of vegetation structure of the communities parallels
the duration of A. salmiana use. A. salmiana density was greatest (3,125 plants ha−1) in the short-use areas and less (892 plants ha−1) in the moderate-use areas, associated with markedly greater density of shrubs (200%) and Opuntia spp. (50%) in moderate-use areas. The main shrubs were Larrea tridentata, Mimosa biuncifera,
Jatropha dioica and Buddleia scordioides while the main Opuntia species were Opuntia leucotricha and Opuntia robusta. A. salmiana density was least (652 plants ha−1) in the long-use areas where shrubs were less abundant but Opuntia spp. density was 25% higher than in moderate-use areas. We suggest that shrubs may increase with moderate use creating an
intermediate successional stage that facilitates the establishment of Opuntia spp. Long-term Agave use is generating new plant communities dominated by Opuntia spp. (nopaleras) as a replacement of the original communities dominated by A. salmiana (magueyeras). 相似文献
65.
Paula A. Palsikowski Matheus M. Roberto Lais R. D. Sommaggio Patrícia M. S. Souza Ana R. Morales Maria A. Marin-Morales 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2018,26(3):938-945
Biodegradable polymers are considered a feasible option to minimize the environment impacts of high disposal of solid waste. Nevertheless, environmental safety of these materials is a few explored issue. In this context, this study evaluated ecotoxicological effects in soil of the biodegradable materials poly(lactic acid)-PLA, poly(butylene adipate co-terephthalate)-PBAT and their blends compatibilized with a chain extender. The tool used for this analysis was the bioassay with Allium cepa as test organism. The studied materials were not phytotoxic, cytotoxic, genotoxic nor mutagenic for meristematic cells of A. cepa. 相似文献
66.
Daniellys Alejo Mayra C. Morales Jorge B. de la Torre Ricardo Grau László Bencs René Van Grieken Piet Van Espen Dismey Sosa Vladimir Nuñez 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(7):6023-6033
Atmospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) levels were monitored simultaneously by means of Radiello passive samplers at six sites of Santa Clara city, Cuba, in the cold and the warm seasons in 2010. The dissolved ionic forms of NO2 and SO2 as nitrate and sulfite plus sulfate, respectively, were determined by means of ion chromatography. Analysis of NO2 as nitrite was also performed by UV–Vis spectrophotometry. For NO2, significant t tests show good agreement between the results of IC and UV–Vis methods. The NO2 and SO2 concentrations peaked in the cold season, while their minimum levels were experienced in the warm season. The pollutant levels do not exceed the maximum allowable limit of the Cuban Standard 39:1999, i.e., 40 μg/m3 and 50 μg/m3 for NO2 and SO2, respectively. The lowest pollutant concentrations obtained in the warm season can be attributed to an increase in their removal via precipitation (scavenging) while to the decreased traffic density and industrial emission during the summer holidays (e.g., July and August). 相似文献
67.
68.
Sonophotocatalytic degradation of alazine and gesaprim commercial herbicides in TiO2 slurry 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The photocatalytic degradation of alazine and gesaprim commercial herbicides was carried out in aqueous TiO(2) suspensions under UV light (15W, 352 nm). Degradation of these herbicides was also observed by the combined effects of photocatalysis with sonolysis (sonophotocatalysis) using an ultrasound source of 20kHz. Degradation profiles were recorded by measuring the concentration of the active compounds present in the alazine (alachlor and atrazine) and gesaprim (atrazine) by HPLC as a function of irradiation time (sound and/or light). Over 90% of the active component in the gesaprim was abated and those in alazine were completely degraded. The content of total organic carbon and chemical oxygen demand was also monitored. Mineralization of the commercial herbicides was achieved. Over 80% of chemical oxygen demand abatement was attained for both herbicides with sonophotocatalysis at 150 min of irradiation time. The photocatalytic degradation of the herbicides followed a pseudo-first order kinetics and their rate constant was increased by the combined effects of sonolysis. 相似文献
69.
Slurry-phase biodegradation of weathered oily sludge waste 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Machín-Ramírez C Okoh AI Morales D Mayolo-Deloisa K Quintero R Trejo-Hernández MR 《Chemosphere》2008,70(4):737-744
We assessed the biodegradation of a typical oily sludge waste (PB401) in Mexico using several regimes of indigenous microbial consortium and relevant bioremediation strategies in slurry-phase system. Abiotic loss of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in the PB401 was insignificant, and degradation rates under the various treatment conditions ranged between 666.9 and 2168.7 mg kg(-1) day(-1) over a 15 days reaction period, while viable cell count peaked at between log(10)5.7 and log(10)7.4 cfu g(-1). Biostimulation with a commercial fertilizer resulted in 24% biodegradation of the TPH in the oily waste and a corresponding peak cell density of log(10)7.4 cfu g(-1). Addition of non-indigenous adapted consortium did not appear to enhance the removal of TPH from the oily waste. It would appear that the complexities of the components of the alkylaromatic fraction of the waste limited biodegradation rate even in a slurry system. 相似文献
70.
Vernica Morales‐Casa Francisco Barraza Elizabeth Collante Rosanna Ginocchio Hctor Jorquera Fabrice Lambert Esteban Ospina Csar Sez‐Navarrete Jos Varas 《环境质量管理》2020,29(3):17-25
Settleable particulate matter (SPM) is an atmospheric pollutant harmful to human health and the environment in high concentrations. Despite this fact, no up‐to‐date information on SPM levels exists for the capital of Chile, Santiago (7 million inhabitants). To address this knowledge gap, SPM sedimentation rates, including soluble and insoluble components, were measured at three different urban sites from July to November of 2016. We compare the measurements with ambient and meteorological information, as well as urban typology settings. Our results indicate SPM deposition rates between 2.5 and 3.9 g/(m2·30 days). Only one site exceeded the national limit of 4.5 g/(m2·30 days), but we found an increasing trend in all three sites. SPM and its insoluble sedimentation rates increased during warm and dry months and presented significant correlations with meteorological parameters. The highest sedimentation rates were measured at the location with the least permeable surfaces and the lowest green spaces, while the lowest sedimentation rates were found in the sites with abundant green spaces and permeable soil. No significant differences were detected in the soluble components. Our results suggest that SPM levels in Santiago are close to the national limit and may increase with climate change and urban expansion. 相似文献