污泥含炭吸附剂对挥发性有机废气吸附实验研究

研究了污泥含炭吸附剂对挥发性有机污染物的吸附特性。结果表明,污泥含炭吸附剂对苯系物的吸附为典型的物理吸附,其吸附甲苯等温线的类型系优惠型吸附等温线,表明具有良好的吸附能力;在吸附反应温度为20℃,气体流量为500 mL/m in(停留时间为0.424 s),甲苯浓度为2 700 mg/m3时,甲苯的饱和吸附容量为150.0 mg/g;同时,研究表明污泥含炭吸附剂对苯系物的饱和吸附容量和吸附强弱次序为二甲苯甲苯苯。结果表明污泥含炭吸附剂适合对中低浓度有机废气的吸附净化。     

超声协同TiO_2光催化降解4,4′-二溴联苯

以纳米TiO2膜为光催化剂,对4,4′-二溴联苯水溶液进行了超声光催化(US+UV)、光催化(UV)和超声(US)降解,探讨了初始浓度、超声的声强和频率等对降解4,4′-二溴联苯的影响。结果表明,4,4′-二溴联苯的超声光催化降解存在协同效应,降解率随4,4′-二溴联苯初始浓度的增大而下降,随声强和频率的增大而增大。超声光催化过程符合一级动力学方程,反应数率常数为0.011 min-1。超声光催化与光催化的降解产物不同。     

基于品牌创建模型的主题公园可持续发展研究

通过对主题公园研究文献的综述分析,指出主题公园研究中品牌化研究较为匮乏.而中国主题公园近二十年的发展历程表明,主题公园存在的生命周期短暂性现象的主要原因是缺乏品牌创新.从生命周期及可持续发展的视角,提出了以品牌为核心的主题公园运营模式,以此为指导构建了包括概念层、主体层以及基础层三个层面的主题公园品牌创建模型,即通过对动态市场的研究,设计、宣传和推广自身的原创品牌,在获得相应的品牌价值之后,将品牌价值向外延伸,通过系统内各部分的紧密合作,获得主题公园可持续发展的内在驱动力.最后,着重从原创品牌的构建、品牌价值的延伸和保障因素兰方面,提出了基于品牌创建模型的主题公园可持续发展策略.该策略表明:主题公园必须在丰厚的文化内涵和更高的游客体验价值基础上强化自身品牌的构建和发展,在品牌站稳于市场时要适当适度地进行品牌价值延伸,这才能保证主题公园经营的可持续发展.     

建坝对下游河道水文情势影响RVA评价方法的改进

研究水库下游河道中水文情势的变化是研究水利工程对河流生态系统胁迫的一种新途径。RVA（Range of Variability Approach）方法基于32个参数从水流的等级、频率、历时、发生时间、变化率5个方面的水文特征对建坝后河道水流情势的变化进行定量分析,并给出各个参数确定的满足河道生态要求的流量特征变化范围。将该方法运用于位于浙江省飞云江上的珊溪水库,以其下游的峃口水文站为观测点,分析了该站52a的日流量资料,计算出了河道水流参数满足生态系统要求的可控制范围。并在原RVA评价各参数水文变化度的基础上进行了改进,利用改进的方法对32个参数的变化情况以及整个河流水流情势的变化情况进行了评价。通过与原方法的比较,结果表明改进后的RVA方法更为客观。根据计算结果,建坝后该河流的整体水流情势变化度为中度,流量的频率和历时指标变化最大,低流量事件的持续时间减少,出现次数增多,严重影响了河流的生态功能     

Occurrence, distribution, and sources of six phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals in the 22 river estuaries around Dianchi Lake in China

The objectives of this study are to track the occurrence, distribution, and sources of phenolic endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in the 22 rivers around Dianchi Lake in China, to estimate the input and output amounts of phenolic EDCs in the water system, and to provide more comprehensive fundamental data for risk assessment and contamination control of phenolic EDCs in aquatic environment. Six phenolic EDCs were systematically evaluated in water and surface sediment in the estuaries of those rivers. The water and sediment samples were preconcentrated by solid-phase extraction system and microwave-assisted extraction system, respectively. Phenolic EDCs were analyzed by GC-MS (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) after derivatization. Phenolic EDCs were found ubiquitously in the aquatic environment. The total concentrations ranged from 248 to 4,650 ng/L in water, and 113 to 3,576 ng/g dry weight in surface sediment. The residue amount of phenolic EDCs in Dianchi Lake was 258 kg/a. Concentrations of the phenolic EDCs in the Lake decreased with increase in distance to the estuaries of those rivers which run through urban and industrial areas. The rivers seriously contaminated by phenolic EDCs were Xin River, Yunliang River, Chuanfang River, Cailian River, Jinjia River, Zhengda River, and Daqing River which run through the old area of Kunming City. Satisfying correlations were observed between the concentrations of the target compounds in water and in surface sediment. NP1EO, NP2EO, and BPA were identified as the three predominant phenolic EDCs. There were significant correlations between phenolic EDCs and many basic water quality parameters. Urban and industrial areas are the major contributors for phenolic EDCs, especially in Kunming City. Compositional profiles of phenolic EDCs in surface sediment were similar to those in river water. The concentrations of phenolic EDCs in the rivers located in the northwest part of the valley were very high, and posed a potential risk to aquatic organisms and even human. The concentrations of NP2EO, NP1EO, and BPA were at moderate levels of other areas. The basic water quality parameters (TOC, TN, DO, and pH) play important roles on the distribution, fate, and behavior of phenolic EDCs in the valley.     

Effect of copper(II) on biodegradation of benzo[a]pyrene by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) biodegradation by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was studied under the influence of co-existed Cu(II) ions. About 45% degradation was achieved within 3 d when dealing with 1 mg L^?1 BaP under initial natural pH at 30 °C; degradation reached 48% in 2 d at 35 °C. Efficacy of BaP biodegradation reached the highest point at pH 4. In the presence of 10 mg L^?1 Cu(II) ions, the BaP removal ratio was 45% on 7th day, and maintained stable from 7 to 14 d at 30 °C under natural pH. The favorable temperature and pH for BaP removal was 25 °C and 6.0 respectively, when Cu(II) ions coexisted in the solutions. Experiments on cometabolism indicated that S. maltophilia performed best when sucrose was used as an additional carbon source. GC–MS analysis revealed that the five rings of BaP opened, producing compounds with one or two rings which were more bioavailable.     

Dietary assessment of human exposure to PBDEs in South Korea

This study was conducted to measure the concentration of PBDEs in various food stuffs from Korea and to estimate levels of PBDE intake from food for the Korean population according to geographical location and age. 20 types of food samples were collected from four heavily populated cities (Seoul, Gwangju, Daejeon, Pusan) and one rural city (Gangneung) and were analyzed for 19 polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners (BDE 15, 17, 28, 33, 47, 49, 66, 71, 85, 99, 100, 119, 126, 138, 153, 154, 183, and 209).No significant differences in total PBDE levels in foods were found among four large cities (Gwangju; 10.91 ng g^?1 wet weight (ww), Seoul; 7.66 ng g^?1 ww, Daejeon; 6.91 ng g^?1 ww, Pusan; 6.87 ng g^?1 ww) and one rural city (Gangneung; 8.72 ng g^?1 ww). Daily dietary intake of PBDEs does not appear to be related to the extent of urbanization.Total dietary intake of PBDE for the average general population was 72.30 ng d^?1 (not detected (ND) = 0) which was similar to other countries. In all food groups, the largest contribution to PBDE intake was from fish and shellfish (48.96 ng d^?1). Total PBDE consumed per kilogram of body weight was estimated to range from 2.70 ng kg^?1 d^?1 for infants 1 through 2 years of age to 0.85 ng kg^?1 d for 65 years and older and was highest in young children and decreased with increasing age.     

昆明市污水排水系统产甲烷规律的模拟实验研究

通过对昆明市餐饮和居民生活污水厌氧模拟实验研究,初步探讨生活污水中CH4的产生规律,实验结果表明,在自然条件下,餐饮和居民生活污水中产生的甲烷浓度最大值分别为1.63 mg/L和3.82 mg/L。并且将COD、硫酸盐、硫化物、TN的浓度变化与甲烷浓度变化进行Pearson简单相关性分析,结果表明,1/COD、COD/硫酸盐和1/TN与甲烷在置信度为0.01时极显著相关,硫化物与甲烷在置信度为0.05时不相关;COD、硫酸盐和TN浓度的变化对生活污水中甲烷的产生起关键性作用。对居民生活污水中甲烷产生规律进行温度和pH控制分析研究,实验结果表明,生活污水在25~30℃时,24 h内甲烷产生量最大值为8.6494 mg/L,明显大于其他温度段的甲烷产生量;在pH为7~8之间时,甲烷的产生量在24 h内达到的最大值为3.0477 mg/L,明显高于其他pH控制段的甲烷产生量。     

沿面放电氧化液相亚硫酸铵

为了解决湿式氨法烟气脱硫生成不稳定亚硫酸铵（（NH4）2SO3）副产物的问题,设计了以不锈钢弹簧和溶液分别作为高压和低压电极的沿面放电系统,对液相（NH4）2SO3的氧化进行了研究。空气从反应器上方进入后经放电区域形成活性物质,再由底部的曝气头鼓入溶液并与（NH4）2SO3发生反应。比较了沿面放电处理与传统曝气处理的氧化效率,考察了放电电压、载气气量和初始浓度等因素对（NH4）2SO3氧化的影响。结果表明,沿面放电对（NH4）2SO3有显著的氧化效果;优化条件下的（NH4）2SO3氧化率接近100%;溶液中（NH4）2SO4与（NH4）2SO3的浓度比小于1时有利于（NH4）2SO3的氧化。     

微氧环境下无色硫细菌和硫酸盐还原菌脱硫

通过间歇曝气形成微氧环境让SRB和CSB实现共生,使含硫酸盐有机废水中硫酸根最终转化成单质硫达到脱硫目的.研究考察了曝气量对SRB还原和CSB氧化的影响,确定了合适的曝气强度和水力停留时间,使得单质硫占系统内总硫比值最大.实验结果显示,在进水COD/SO42-=2000/1500 mg/L、曝气开关时间为2 s/2 min、生化时间为10 h时,单质硫产率最大,为89.53％,SO42-浓度降至最低值72.7 mg/L,还原率达95.1％,此时脱硫效果较好.