二氧化氯溶液脱除1,2,4-三氯苯的试验研究

通过模拟实际烟气,在液相鼓泡反应器中对1,2,4-三氯苯进行脱除试验研究.采用亚氯酸盐法制备了氧化剂ClO2,自行设计并安装了液相鼓泡反应装置.结果表明,ClO2溶液初始pH值、反应温度、1,2,4-三氯苯初始浓度等对1,2,4-三氯苯的脱除效率影响较大.在适宜条件下,1,2,4-三氯苯的脱除效率达到90%以上;反应的主要中间产物为丁二酸.     

活性炭对直接湖蓝5B的吸附研究

用活性炭对直接湖蓝5B模拟废水进行了吸附实验.考察了投炭量、吸附时间、废水初始浓度和pH值对吸附效果的影响,并对其吸附动力学特征进行了探讨.结果表明,废水pH值、吸附时间和投炭量对吸附效果有明显影响,而反应温度变化对吸附量的影响不明显.以吸附率作为控制指标,通过正交实验得出各因素影响大小排序为:pH值＞废水浓度＞吸附时...     

基于DSC试验的DCP自加速分解温度的推算

采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对小尺度过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)的热分解过程进行试验研究,利用基于等转化率Friedman微分法对热分析试验所得数据进行动力学分析,得出DCP的反应活化能的均值为160.82 kJ· mol-1.最后运用热爆炸理论对25 kg标准包装条件下的自加速分解温度(SADT)进行推算.结果表明,利用等转化率Friedman 微分法计算所得的动力学参数在整个反应进程中并不是常数,表明DCP的热分解反应是一个固态的复杂反应过程.多重扫描速率下计算所得的动力学参数较单个扫描速率法可信度更高,推算所得DCP的SADT值与美式全尺寸试验值基本一致.     

河南惠楼山药种植区土壤和山药重金属质量比及健康风险研究

在河南省惠楼山药种植区采集土壤和山药样品各14份,用AAS法测定土壤和山药重金属质量比,用US EPA健康风险评价模型对膳食山药所致的重金属健康风险进行了研究.结果表明,种植区土壤重金属均没有发生污染.山药中Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr和Co的平均质量比分别为1.15 mg·kg-1、4.60 mg· kg-1、15.68 mg· kg-1、1.97mg· kg-1、0.14 mg·kg-1和2.94 mg·kg-1,其中Pb和Ni质量比略有超标.山药对土壤重金属的富集系数从大到小依次为Cu、Zn、Co、Pb、Ni、Cr.各个重金属的THQ和各样点的HI均远小于l,不存在非致癌健康危害.Pb和Ni的CR值分别为10-6和10-4数量级,致癌风险不明显;而Co和Cr的CR值在10-3数量级,存在明显的致癌风险;Co对TCR的平均贡献率为79.01％,是最主要的致癌重金属.     

疏散试验前后高校学生疏散行为与心理特征对比分析

人员疏散既有疏散运动,也有行为和心理反应,因此对同一人群在疏散前后进行两次问卷调查,可以有效地对第3类人员(一般人员)和第2类人员(参加疏散演习和试验人员)的问卷结果进行对比,更准确地分析人员疏散时的心理行为特征.在某高校教学楼进行模拟疏散演习试验,用火灾报警器做疏散警报,重复8次.在演习前5天和演习结束时分别进行问卷调查.调查结果表明,在出口发生堵塞时,67％的人在第1份问卷中选择其他出口,而演习结束时的问卷中,这个选择的人数降至35％.这说明很多人往往会高估自己在面临危机时的反应.担任过一定社会职务的人比一般人群更倾向于独立证实火灾的发生.     

绵阳市大气污染物浓度变化特征及相关性分析

随着我国工业化、城市化和机动化的高速发展,大气环境质量越来越受民众关注,我国已建成国控—省控—市控—县控四级环境空气自动监测网络,监测项目包括SO2、NO2、CO、O3、PM2.5和PM10.基于2018年绵阳市环境空气监测数据、颗粒物化学组分及气象资料分析上述6个监测项目年均、季度、月均、日均及每日最大小时浓度变化特征,并进一步探讨污染物浓度与气象条件的相关性,结合颗粒物化学组分对产生原因进行剖析.结果表明:绵阳市冬季环境空气质量较差,夏季相对较好.Pearson相关性分析表明:SO2、NO2、CO和颗粒物(PM2.5和PM10)之间存在显著相关性,冬季PM2.5与SO2、NO2的相关系数分别为0.610和0.635,PM10与SO2、NO2的相关系数分别为0.655和0.655,颗粒物主要化学组分为硫酸盐、硝酸盐、铵盐和二次有机气溶胶,颗粒物二次转化尤为明显,冬季需重点管控颗粒物;春季和夏季O3与PM2.5、PM10呈显著正相关,需做好颗粒物和O3的协同管控.O3每日最大小时浓度多集中在13:00?—?18:00,其他污染物每日最大小时浓度多集中于08:00?—?12:00和20:00?—?24:00,同时NO2在20:00?—?24:00出现每日最大小时浓度的频次占67.1％,控制机动车等污染源排放尤为重要.     

MnFe2O4@HTC活化过硫酸盐体系除藻效能与机制

采用水热法和共沉淀法将MnFe₂O₄负载在水热炭（HTC）表面制备磁性MnFe₂O₄@HTC复合催化剂.采用SEM、XRD、BET、FTIR、XPS对催化剂进行表征,通过考察MnFe₂O₄/HTC负载比、过硫酸钠（PS）投加量、初始pH和不同化学体系对除藻效果的影响,探究无供氧条件下MnFe₂O₄@HTC活化PS体系除藻的效能.基于自由基屏蔽实验和XPS分析对MnFe₂O₄@HTC活化PS体系反应机制进行研究验证.结果表明,当初始藻浓度为1.4×10⁹个·L^-1（OD₆₈₀=0.14）,催化剂投加量为0.2 g·L^-1,PS投加量为0.4 g·L^-1,pH为6时,降解30 min,该体系除藻率可达到99%.在该体系中,MnFe₂O₄@HTC材料可将藻细胞吸附在材料表面,通过Mn、Fe的价态循环和HTC的协同效应反应催化PS产生空穴、¹O₂、·O₂^-、SO₄^-·和·OH多种氧化物质,使藻细胞破裂死亡.     

中国八大综合经济区能源生态效率测度及其驱动因素

为促进能源、经济、社会与生态环境的绿色可持续发展,将经济、社会福利等期望产出与生态环境污染非期望产出纳入能源生态效率测度框架,运用基于Shephard能源距离函数的随机前沿模型,从区域研究视角出发分析中国八大综合经济区能源生态效率演变趋势,并探讨其驱动因素的作用机制.结果显示：样本期内全国能源生态效率均值为0.5839,整体水平偏低,且呈现显著的空间非均衡分布特征.八大综合经济区能源生态效率水平呈现由沿海向内陆逐渐递减的发展态势.南部、东部和北部等沿海经济区能源生态效率均值分别为0.6941、0.6213、0.6087,位居前列;西南、黄河中游、长江中游以及东北等经济区次之,能源生态效率均值分别为0.5803、0.5720、0.5623、0.5537;西北经济区能源生态效率均值为0.5087,位列末位.经济发展水平与能源消费结构的估计系数分别为0.0459、0.0747,对能源生态效率的提高具有抑制作用;产业结构、城镇化水平以及环境规制的估计系数分别为-0.9339、-0.6197、-0.0387,对能源生态效率的提高具有促进作用.     

Marine aquaculture regulates dissimilatory nitrate reduction processes in a typical semi-enclosed bay of southeastern China

Marine aquaculture in semi-enclosed bays can significantly influence nutrient cycling in coastal ecosystems. However, the impact of marine aquaculture on the dynamics of dissimilatory nitrate reduction processes (DNRPs) and the fate of reactive nitrogen remain poorly understood. In this study, the rates of DNRPs and the abundances of related functional genes were investigated in aquaculture and non-aquaculture areas. The results showed that marine aquaculture significantly increased the denitrification (DNF) and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) rates and decreased the rate of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANA), as compared with non-aquaculture sites. DNF was the dominant pathway contributing to the total nitrate reduction, and its contribution to the total nitrate reduction significantly increased from 66.72% at non-aquaculture sites to 78.50% at aquaculture sites. Marine aquaculture can significantly affect the physicochemical characteristics of sediment and the abundances of related functional genes, leading to variations in the nitrate reduction rates. Although nitrate removal rates increased in the marine aquaculture area, ammonification rates and the nitrogen retention index in the aquaculture areas were 2.19 and 1.24 times, respectively, higher than those at non-aquaculture sites. Net reactive nitrogen retention exceeded nitrogen removal in the aquaculture area, and the retained reactive nitrogen could diffuse with the tidal current to the entire bay, thereby aggravating N pollution in the entire study area. These results show that marine aquaculture is the dominant source of nitrogen pollution in semi-enclosed bays. This study can provide insights into nitrogen pollution control in semi-enclosed bays with well-developed marine aquaculture.     

Potential applications of porous organic polymers as adsorbent for the adsorption of volatile organic compounds

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with high toxicity and carcinogenicity are emitted from kinds of industries, which endanger human health and the environment. Adsorption is a promising method for the treatment of VOCs due to its low cost and high efficiency. In recent years, activated carbons, zeolites, and mesoporous materials are widely used to remove VOCs because of their high specific surface area and abundant porosity. However, the hydrophilic nature and low desorption rate of those materials limit their commercial application. Furthermore, the adsorption capacities of VOCs still need to be improved. Porous organic polymers (POPs) with extremely high porosity, structural diversity, and hydrophobic have been considered as one of the most promising candidates for VOCs adsorption. This review generalized the superiority of POPs for VOCs adsorption compared to other porous materials and summarized the studies of VOCs adsorption on different types of POPs. Moreover, the mechanism of competitive adsorption between water and VOCs on the POPs was discussed. Finally, a concise outlook for utilizing POPs for VOCs adsorption was discussed, noting areas in which further work is needed to develop the next-generation POPs for practical applications.