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31.
J.?Orestes?CerdeiraEmail author Kevin?J.?Gaston Leonor?S.?Pinto 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2005,10(3):183-192
The spatial relations of sites within networks of priority areas for conservation is critical to the long-term maintenance
of key genetic, population and ecosystem processes. However, these relations have received relatively little attention in
the development of mathematical methods for objectively identifying such networks. Here we present a novel heuristic for incorporating
connectivity explicitly as part of the model constraints, provide an integer linear programming formulation for the same problem,
describe an integer cutting procedure which defines a sequence of non-decreasing lower bounds on the optimal solution and
report the results of some computational experiments using these algorithms. 相似文献
32.
33.
Bigliardi Ana Paula Fernandes Caroline Lopes Feijo Pinto Edlaine Acosta dos Santos Marina Garcia Edariane Menestrino Baisch Paulo Roberto Martins Soares Maria Cristina Flores Muccillo-Baisch Ana Luíza da Silva Júnior Flavio Manoel Rodrigues 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(2):1409-1416
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Coal extraction and processing generate environmental contamination, which has several negative impacts on human health. Hematological and biochemical... 相似文献
34.
Osajima Josy A. Sá Alexandro S. Honorio Luzia M. C. Trigueiro Pollyana Pinto Lucas I. F. Oliveira Joziel A. Furtini Marcelo B. Bezerra Roosevelt D. S. Alcantara Ana C. S. Silva-Filho Edson C. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(19):23995-24007
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Herbicides are hazardous organic pollutants that contribute to the risk of environmental contamination. The aim of this work was to investigate the... 相似文献
35.
da Silva Cleber Pinto de Campos Sandro Xavier 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(41):61870-61880
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Although anaerobic reactors are an excellent alternative in the treatment of domestic effluents, they have the disadvantage of requiring... 相似文献
36.
Aurélie Pinto Rodrigues Patrícia Correia Oliveira Lúcia Guilhermino Laura Guimar?es 《Marine Biology》2012,159(9):2061-2074
This study investigated the effects of salinity on biomarkers of oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and neurotransmission of Carcinus maenas from an estuary low impacted by pollution and from an estuary under chemical stress in the NW Iberian Peninsula. Crabs were collected in the field and, following an acclimation period, they were exposed for 7 days to five salinity levels ranging from 4 to 45 psu. At the end of the exposure period, stress biomarkers were determined in samples of muscle and digestive gland. The biomarkers assessed in the muscle were the activities of the enzymes cholinesterases (ChE), of which acetylcholinesterase is involved in neurotransmission, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) that are involved in energy metabolism. The biomarkers assessed in the digestive gland were (1) the activities of the enzymes glutathione S-transferases (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), involved in phase II biotransformation and the anti-oxidant defence system; (2) the levels of total glutathiones (TG), also belonging to the anti-oxidant system; and (3) the levels of lipid peroxidation as a measure of oxidative damage. The results showed a significant influence of salinity on neurotransmission, energy metabolism, anti-oxidant status, and oxidative damage of C. maenas. For some biomarkers, this influence was dependent on whether the crabs were collected at the low-polluted estuary or at the contaminated estuary. In particular, crabs collected at the low-polluted estuary showed altered neurotransmission and anti-oxidant defences (GR). Crabs collected at the impacted estuary showed alterations in neurotransmission, energy metabolism (IDH and LDH), biotransformation, and anti-oxidant defences (GST, GR, GPx, and TG), as well as in oxidative damage, indicating that salinity change superimposes higher stress on these organisms. For ChE, IDH, and TG, altered responses were induced by both hypo- and hypersalinity. 相似文献
37.
Marina M. S. Cabral Pinto A. Paula Marinho-Reis Agostinho Almeida Carlos M. Ordens Maria M. V. G. Silva Sandra Freitas Mário R. Simões Paula I. Moreira Pedro A. Dinis M. Luísa Diniz Eduardo A. Ferreira da Silva M. Teresa Condesso de Melo 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2018,40(5):1767-1784
New lines of evidence suggest that less than 10% of neurodegenerative diseases have a strict genetic aetiology and other factors may be prevalent. Environmental exposures to potentially toxic elements appear to be a risk factor for Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s and sclerosis diseases. This study proposes a multidisciplinary approach combining neurosciences, psychology and environmental sciences while integrating socio-economic, neuropsychological, environmental and health data. We present the preliminary results of a neuropsychological assessment carried out in elderly residents of the industrial city of Estarreja. A battery of cognitive tests and a personal questionnaire were administered to the participants. Multivariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to identify potential relationships between the cognitive status of the participants and environmental exposure to potentially toxic elements. The results suggest a relationship between urinary PTEs levels and the incidence of cognitive disorders. They also point towards water consumption habits and profession as relevant factors of exposure. Linear regression models show that aluminium (R 2 = 38%), cadmium (R 2 = 11%) and zinc (R 2 = 6%) are good predictors of the scores of the Mini-Mental State Examination cognitive test. Median contents (µg/l) in groundwater are above admissible levels for drinking water for aluminium (371), iron (860), manganese (250), and zinc (305). While the World Health Organization does not provide health-based reference values for aluminium, results obtained from this study suggest that it may have an important role in the cognitive status of the elderly. Urine proved to be a suitable biomarker of exposure both to elements with low and high excretion rates. 相似文献
38.
Pires-Marques Élia Chaves Cristina Pinto Lígia M. Costa 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(8):11382-11405
Environment, Development and Sustainability - Even though ecosystem services have a significant contribution to human well-being, their value is not always recognized. Despite difficulties, the... 相似文献
39.
Joshua S. Stoll Eliza J. Oldach Taylor Witkin Kathleen Reardon David C. Love Patricia Pinto da Silva 《Ambio》2022,51(4):926
Climate change, overfishing, and other anthropogenic drivers are forcing marine resource users and decision makers to adapt—often rapidly. In this article we introduce the concept of pathways to rapid adaptation to crisis events to bring attention to the double-edged role that institutions play in simultaneously enabling and constraining swift responses to emerging crises. To develop this concept, we draw on empirical evidence from a case study of the iconic Maine lobster (Homarus americanus) industry. In the Gulf of Maine, the availability of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) stock, a key source of bait in the Maine lobster industry, declined sharply. We investigate the patterns of bait use in the fishery over an 18-year period (2002–2019) and how the lobster industry was able to abruptly adapt to the decline of locally-sourced herring in 2019 that came to be called the bait crisis. We found that adaptation strategies to the crisis were diverse, largely uncoordinated, and imperfectly aligned, but ultimately led to a system-level shift towards a more diverse and globalized bait supply. This shift was enabled by existing institutions and hastened an evolution in the bait system that was already underway, as opposed to leading to system transformation. We suggest that further attention to raceways may be useful in understanding how and, in particular, why marine resource users and coastal communities adapt in particular ways in the face of shocks and crises.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01617-8. 相似文献
40.
Gennifer Meldrum Dunja Mijatović Wilfredo Rojas Juana Flores Milton Pinto Grover Mamani Eleuterio Condori David Hilaquita Helga Gruberg Stefano Padulosi 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2018,20(2):703-730
Crop diversity is central to traditional risk management practices on the Andean Altiplano and may find renewed importance in adapting to climate change. This study explored the role of crop diversity in farmers’ adaptation actions in eight Aymara communities on the northern Bolivian Altiplano. Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, including multifactor analysis and a community resilience self-assessment, we investigated how farmers’ use of diversity in adaptation is related to their perceptions of crop and variety tolerances and other environmental, social, and economic factors. Few crops and varieties were perceived as tolerant to increasingly intense and unpredictable drought, frost, hail, and pest and disease outbreaks. Some local crops and varieties were perceived as vulnerable to emerging conditions (e.g. oca, papalisa, isaño), whereas bitter potatoes and wild relatives of quinoa and cañahua were perceived as highly stress tolerant and provide food in harsh periods. A total 19% of households surveyed (N = 193) had introduced new crops or varieties—often disease resistant or early maturing—as an adaptive action. Introduction of commercial crops was a common adaptation action, reflecting farmers’ response to warming temperatures and changing economic opportunities, but greater sensitivity of the introduced crops may cause maladaptation. Despite intensification of cropping systems, households continue to maintain a median four potato varieties with different tolerance traits, yet this risk management practice was not perceived as adaptation. Strengthening resilience will require a combination of actions, including maintaining and expanding crop portfolios and restoring soil and ecosystem health, using both traditional and innovative approaches. 相似文献