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71.
Alexandra Baeta Ivan Valiela Francesca Rossi Rute Pinto Pierre Richard Nathalie Niquil João C. Marques 《Marine Biology》2009,156(10):2107-2120
In estuaries, eelgrass meadows contribute to fundamental ecosystem functions of estuaries, providing food to several predators
and buffering the negative effects of eutrophication. We asked whether the presence of the eelgrass Zostera noltii decreased the nitrogen concentration in the overlying water, affected the sources of nitrogen sequestrated by primary producers
and changed the benthic and pelagic food web structures. We also studied the importance of these food webs in providing food
to fish. We compared bare sediment to sediment covered by a Z. noltii meadow, and examined nutrient concentrations in the water column and δ15N in primary producers as indicators of anthropogenic inputs of nutrients. We then measured both δ13C and δ15N in the tissues of plants and consumers to establish food web structures. There were no differences in the concentrations
and sources of nitrogen between sites. Rather, δ15N values indicated anthropogenic inputs of N (e.g. sewage discharges, agriculture) in both sites. There were no major differences
in the structure of the planktonic food web, which was in part sustained by particulate organic matter and supported most
predator fish, and in the structure of the benthic food web. Nonetheless, there were differences in the sources of food for
omnivore consumers and for the detritivore Scrobicularia plana. Overall, the benthic food web did not use food derived from the eelgrass or macroalgae deposited on the substratum. Suspension
feeders used particulate and sediment organic matter, whereas the δ13C and δ15N values of the other consumers indicated a likely contribution of benthic microalgae. Furthermore, in both habitats we found
large variability in the isotope signatures of benthic macrofauna consumers, which did not allow distinguishing clearly different
trophic groups and indicated a high level of omnivory and a mixed diet opportunistically making use of the availability of
food in the surroundings. 相似文献
72.
Paes FA Hissa DC Angelim AL Pinto NW Grangeiro TB Melo VM 《Water environment research》2012,84(3):274-281
This paper describes the phenotypic and genotypic diversity of a Gram-positive, aerobic bacterial population isolated from the chlorine tank of a wastewater treatment plant. A total of 12 sporeforming, rod-shaped isolates were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and biochemical tests. Pairwise genetic comparisons revealed the identity among sequences obtained from isolates varied from 92.6 to 100%. Similarity searches on GenBank showed that five strains were closely related (99 to 100% identity) to Bacillus subtilis and two were almost identical (99%) to B. megaterium and B. licheniformis. Because the five remaining strains were either closely related (97 to 99% identity) or identical to B. cereus, B. thuringiensis, and B. anthracis, they were classified as belonging to the B. cereus group. Apart from one strain, all clades in the phylogenetic tree were identical to clusters formed in the dendrogram based on biochemical tests results. According to the biochemical profiles, all isolates were characterized as different strains. In addition to chlorine resistance, all isolates were found to be resistant to at least one of five antibiotics tested. These results identify the potential risk of spreading antibiotic resistance genes in the environment by chlorine-resistant strains of Bacillus. 相似文献
73.
74.
Katrin M. Nissen Gregor C. Leckebusch Joaquim G. Pinto Uwe Ulbrich 《Regional Environmental Change》2014,14(5):1873-1890
Changes in the frequency and intensity of cyclones and associated windstorms affecting the Mediterranean region simulated under enhanced Greenhouse Gas forcing conditions are investigated. The analysis is based on 7 climate model integrations performed with two coupled global models (ECHAM5 MPIOM and INGV CMCC), comparing the end of the twentieth century and at least the first half of the twenty-first century. As one of the models has a considerably enhanced resolution of the atmosphere and the ocean, it is also investigated whether the climate change signals are influenced by the model resolution. While the higher resolved simulation is closer to reanalysis climatology, both in terms of cyclones and windstorm distributions, there is no evidence for an influence of the resolution on the sign of the climate change signal. All model simulations show a reduction in the total number of cyclones crossing the Mediterranean region under climate change conditions. Exceptions are Morocco and the Levant region, where the models predict an increase in the number of cyclones. The reduction is especially strong for intense cyclones in terms of their Laplacian of pressure. The influence of the simulated positive shift in the NAO Index on the cyclone decrease is restricted to the Western Mediterranean region, where it explains 10–50 % of the simulated trend, depending on the individual simulation. With respect to windstorms, decreases are simulated over most of the Mediterranean basin. This overall reduction is due to a decrease in the number of events associated with local cyclones, while the number of events associated with cyclones outside of the Mediterranean region slightly increases. These systems are, however, less intense in terms of their integrated severity over the Mediterranean area, as they mostly affect the fringes of the region. In spite of the general reduction in total numbers, several cyclones and windstorms of intensity unknown under current climate conditions are identified for the scenario simulations. For these events, no common trend exists in the individual simulations. Thus, they may rather be attributed to long-term (e.g. decadal) variability than to the Greenhouse Gas forcing. Nevertheless, the result indicates that high-impact weather systems will remain an important risk in the Mediterranean Basin. 相似文献
75.
Host location behavior of Cotesia plutellae Kurdjumov (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in ambient and moderately elevated ozone in field conditions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pinto DM Himanen SJ Nissinen A Nerg AM Holopainen JK 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(1):227-231
In field O3-enrichment experiments increased herbivore densities have been reported, which could be due to negatively affected host location behavior of natural enemies. We addressed the impact of doubling background O3 on the host location of the parasitoid Cotesia plutellae by conducting 24-h trials in an open-air O3-fumigation system during two consecutive years. Two circles (radii 1.40 and 4.00 m) of Plutella xylostella-infested potted cabbage plants were placed in the O3 and ambient plots. Female wasps were released into each plot from the center, and observed 5 times over a 24-h period to assess their host location capability. Thereafter, plants were kept in laboratory conditions until larvae pupation to determine parasitism rates. No significant differences were detected between ambient and O3-enriched environments either in the number of wasps found in the field, or in the percentages of parasitized larvae. This suggests that moderately elevated O3 will not affect the behavior of this parasitoid. 相似文献
76.
Eduard Ariza Jose A. Jimenez Rafael Sarda Miriam Villares Josep Pinto Rosa Fraguell Elisabet Roca Carolina Marti Herminia Valdemoro Ramon Ballester Modest Fluvia 《Environmental management》2010,45(5):998-1013
A composite index, based on function analysis and including thirteen sub-indices, was developed to assess the overall quality of urban and urbanized beaches in the Mediterranean area. The aggregation of components and sub-indices was based on two questionnaires completed by beach users and experts. Applying the new Beach Quality Index (BQI) demonstrated that the quality of beaches could be improved. In general, the strongest aspects of the beaches assessed were those related to short-term user demand, and the weakest were those related to the consequences of human pressure on the area, in particular, erosion problems. The composite index is intended to be used together with Environmental Management Beach Systems (EMBs) as a hierarchical management scorecard and in monitoring programs. This new tool could also make planning more proactive by synthesizing the state of the most important beach processes. 相似文献
77.
Zhen Liu Joseph P. Pinto Tao Zeng Jim Boylan Maoyi Huang 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2014,64(4):419-435
Motivated by the question of whether and how a state-of-the-art regional chemical transport model (CTM) can facilitate characterization of CO2 spatiotemporal variability and verify CO2 fossil-fuel emissions, we for the first time applied the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to simulate CO2. This paper presents methods, input data, and initial results for CO2 simulation using CMAQ over the contiguous United States in October 2007. Modeling experiments have been performed to understand the roles of fossil-fuel emissions, biosphere–atmosphere exchange, and meteorology in regulating the spatial distribution of CO2 near the surface over the contiguous United States. Three sets of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) fluxes were used as input to assess the impact of uncertainty of NEE on CO2 concentrations simulated by CMAQ. Observational data from six tall tower sites across the country were used to evaluate model performance. In particular, at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO), a tall tower site that receives urban emissions from Denver, CO, the CMAQ model using hourly varying, high-resolution CO2 fossil-fuel emissions from the Vulcan inventory and CarbonTracker optimized NEE reproduced the observed diurnal profile of CO2 reasonably well but with a low bias in the early morning. The spatial distribution of CO2 was found to correlate with NOx, SO2, and CO, because of their similar fossil-fuel emission sources and common transport processes. These initial results from CMAQ demonstrate the potential of using a regional CTM to help interpret CO2 observations and understand CO2 variability in space and time. The ability to simulate a full suite of air pollutants in CMAQ will also facilitate investigations of their use as tracers for CO2 source attribution. This work serves as a proof of concept and the foundation for more comprehensive examinations of CO2 spatiotemporal variability and various uncertainties in the future.
Implications: Atmospheric CO2 has long been modeled and studied on continental to global scales to understand the global carbon cycle. This work demonstrates the potential of modeling and studying CO2 variability at fine spatiotemporal scales with CMAQ, which has been applied extensively, to study traditionally regulated air pollutants. The abundant observational records of these air pollutants and successful experience in studying and reducing their emissions may be useful for verifying CO2 emissions. Although there remains much more to further investigate, this work opens up a discussion on whether and how to study CO2 as an air pollutant. 相似文献
78.
A new approach to vapor phase elemental mercury capture has been explored; this approach exploits an ionic liquid coating
layer to oxidize elemental mercury for subsequent immobilization by chelating ligands. The room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methyl
pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide (P14) was selected for study based on its oxidation potential window, thermal stability, and low vapor pressure. Tests were also
completed in which KMnO4 was added to P14 to form a new ionic liquid, P14–KMnO4, with a higher oxidation potential. In room-temperature bulk liquid phase capture experiments, 59% of the elemental mercury
in the inlet gas was captured using P14 alone; mercury capture using P14–KMnO4 was quantitative. P14 and P14–KMnO4 coatings were successfully applied to mesoporous silica substrates and to silica substrates functionalized with mercury chelating
ligands. The coating layers were found to be thermally stable up to 300°C. Fixed-bed tests of nonfunctionalized silica coated
with P14 showed an elemental mercury uptake of 2.7 mg/g adsorbent at 160°C; at the same temperature, functionalized silica coated
with P14–KMnO4 showed an elemental mercury capacity of at least 7.2 mg/g adsorbent, several times higher than that of activated carbon.
The empty bed gas residence time in these tests was 0.04 s. A chelating adsorbent incorporating P14 in the coating layer, may be capable of simultaneous removal of elemental and oxidized mercury from coal combustion flue
gases. 相似文献
79.
80.
Nicholas Joseph Tavares da Cruz Álvaro Guillermo Rojas Lezana Paulo da Cruz Freire dos Santos Ibsen Mateus Bittencourt Santana Pinto Claudio Zancan Gustavo Henrique Silva de Souza 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(31):24121-24134
Cemeteries and crematoria are the main funeral ways used in the world nowadays. It is a little-studied segment in the present days, mainly as for the possible environmental impacts in the environment, such as those derived from dental amalgam, prostheses, and dioxins, among other. This article aimed to identify the environmental impacts caused by cemeteries and crematoria and to point out new trends in funeral processes such as freeze-drying and alkaline hydrolysis. The study is justified due to the large part of the Brazilian population that do not know the environmental impacts caused by cemeteries and crematoria, as well as to bring information about the new processes. For that, a research was carried out with 400 people. The main results show that among all the funeral processes, the new freeze-drying process was opted by 33% of the sample. We also identified that the main reasons for choosing the funeral process were less environmental impact (28%), no after-death expenses (grave payment) (16.1%), and the possibility of putting away or throwing away the remains wherever you want (14.9%). Finally, new funeral processes were well accepted by the Brazilian population—those who were interviewed—due to their benefits. 相似文献