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41.
Deng Y Besse-Hoggan P Husson P Sancelme M Delort AM Stepnowski P Paszkiewicz M Gołębiowski M Costa Gomes MF 《Chemosphere》2012,89(3):327-333
Several physico-chemical properties relevant to determine the environmental impact of ionic liquids - aqueous solubility, octanol/water partition coefficient, chromatographically derived lipophilicity and infinite dilution diffusion coefficients in water - were measured in ionic liquids based on pyridinium, ammonium and pyrrolidinium cations with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anions. The influence of the presence of hydroxyl or ester groups in the physico-chemical properties of these liquids was checked. It appeared that the presence of functional oxygenated moieties reduces the lipophilicity of ionic liquids and so decreases the risk of bioaccumulation in environment. 相似文献
42.
Different perceptions of adaptation to climate change: a mental model approach applied to the evidence from expert interviews 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Ilona Otto-Banaszak Piotr Matczak Justus Wesseler Frank Wechsung 《Regional Environmental Change》2011,11(2):217-228
We argue that differences in the perception and governance of adaptation to climate change and extreme weather events are
related to sets of beliefs and concepts through which people understand the environment and which are used to solve the problems
they face (mental models). Using data gathered in 31 in-depth interviews with adaptation experts in Europe, we identify five
basic stakeholder groups whose divergent aims and logic can be related to different mental models they use: advocacy groups,
administration, politicians, researchers, and media and the public. Each of these groups uses specific interpretations of
climate change and specifies how to deal with climate change impacts. We suggest that a deeper understanding and follow-up
of the identified mental models might be useful for the design of any stakeholder involvement in future climate impact research
processes. It might also foster consensus building about adequate adaptation measures against climate threats in a society. 相似文献
43.
The postwar development of water protection legislation and wastewater discharges is poorly known for the Baltic Sea region as a whole. This article presents national efforts to govern wastewater discharges in Poland using legal tools over the twentieth century with an emphasis on the postwar period, 1945-2003. The study also attempts to evaluate how the state authority responded to changing legal demands in terms of urban and industrial wastewater discharges in the postwar period. It outlines the main changes during the socialist regime in Poland and after it regained independence. Also the implications of Poland's integration into the European Union are briefly discussed. Mathematical calculations are used to illustrate some changes in legal requirements over time. 相似文献
44.
Christopher?H.?SchillingEmail author Piotr?Tomasik David?S.?Karpovich Bruce?Hart Sally?Shepardson Jagdeep?Garcha Paul?T.?Boettcher 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2004,12(4):257-264
Distillers dry grain (DDG) was derivatized either by carboxymethylation, glutaration, maleiation, phthallation, or succination in order to produce anionic materials suitable for complexation with soy protein isolate. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed that derivatization of DDG by all reagents was successful. Blending of derivatized anionic products with soy protein resulted in instant precipitation of gels. The gels were centrifuged, molded, and dried into solid pellets with tensile strengths as high as 1.67MPa, suggesting that these materials could be promising as biodegradable structural materials. Infrared spectroscopy suggested the possibility of complexes forming between soy protein isolate and each of the derivatized DDG samples. 相似文献
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47.
Impact and adaptation opportunities for European agriculture in response to climatic change and variability 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Marco Moriondo Marco Bindi Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz M. Szwed A. Chorynski P. Matczak M. Radziejewski D. McEvoy Anita Wreford 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2010,15(7):657-679
Climate change, involving changes in mean climate and climatic variability, is expected to severely affect agriculture and
there is a need to assess its impact in order to define the appropriate adaptation strategies to cope with. In this paper,
we projected a scenario of European agriculture in a +2°C (above pre-industrial levels) world in order to assess the potential
effect of climatic change and variability and to test the effectiveness of different adaptation options. For this purpose,
the outputs of HadCM3 General Circulation Model (GCM) were empirically downscaled for current climate (1975–2005) and a future
period (2030–2060), to feed a process-based crop simulation model, in order to quantify the impact of a changing climate on
agriculture emphasising the impact due to changes in the frequency of extreme events (heat waves and drought). The same climatic
dataset was used to compare the effectiveness of different adaptations to a warmer climate strategies including advanced or
delayed sowing time, shorter or longer cycle cultivar and irrigation. The results indicated that both changes in mean climate
and climate variability affected crop growth resulting in different crop fitting capacity to cope with climate change. This
capacity mainly depended on the crop type and the geographical area across Europe. A +2°C scenario had a higher impact on
crops cultivated over the Mediterranean basin than on those cultivated in central and northern Europe as a consequence of
drier and hotter conditions. In contrast, crops cultivated in Northern Europe generally exhibited higher than current yields,
as a consequence of wetter conditions, and temperatures closer to the optimum growing conditions. Simple, no-cost adaptation
options such as advancement of sowing dates or the use of longer cycle varieties may be implemented to tackle the expected
yield loss in southern Europe as well as to exploit possible advantages in northern regions. 相似文献
48.
Predictors of motor vehicle collision injuries among a nationally representative sample of Canadians
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of subsequent motor vehicle collision injuries, with a particular focus on health-related variables, using the longitudinal dataset from the Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS) for the years 1994-2002. METHODS: Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relations between motor vehicle collision injury and four risk factors: binge drinking, health status, distress, and medication use. Age and sex were included as control variables. The total sample size was 14,529. RESULTS: A higher percentage of females and younger persons reported a motor vehicle collision injury. Binge drinkers, respondents with poor health, respondents with distress, and respondents reported using two or more medications reported a higher percentage of subsequent injuries. Logistic regression analysis found that persons with poorer health status and persons who used more medications had higher odds of motor vehicle injuries. Only one statistically significant interaction effect was found: alcohol bingeing and medication use. CONCLUSIONS: Among a nationally representative sample of Canadians, various demographic and risk factors predict subsequent injuries. Given that this number represents a considerable economic burden, this study underscores the need for continued research and countermeasures on alcohol, drugs, and driving. 相似文献
49.
Paluch Magdalena Ostrowska Justyna Tyński Piotr Sadurski Waldemar Konkol Marcin 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(2):728-740
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - The paper presents the results of research on the influence of used plasticizing system on the structural and thermal properties of thermoplastic starch... 相似文献
50.
Piotr G. Jablonski Hyun Jun Cho Soo Rim Song Chang Ku Kang Sang-im Lee 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2013,67(8):1259-1267
Aposematic (warning) signals of prey help predators to recognize the defended distasteful or poisonous prey that should be avoided. The evolution of aposematism in the context of predation has been in the center of modern ecology for a long time. But, the possible roles of aposematic signals in other ecological contexts have been largely ignored. Here we address the role of aposematic signals in competition between prey and predators. Bumblebees use visual and auditory aposematic signals to warn predators about their defenses. For 2 years, we observed competition for nestboxes between chemically defended insects, Bombus ardens (and possibly also Bombus ignitus), and cavity nesting birds (Parus minor and Poecile varius). Bumblebees settled in 16 and 9 % of nestboxes (in 2010 and 2011 breeding seasons, respectively) that contained bird nests at the advanced stage of nest building or at the stage of egg laying. Presence of bumblebees prevented the birds from continuing the breeding activities in the nestboxes, while insects took over the birds’ nests (a form of kleptoparasitism). Playback experiments showed that the warning buzz by bumblebees contributed to the success in ousting the birds from their nests. This demonstrates that aposematic signals may be beneficial also in the context of resource competition. 相似文献